Laminar flow, forced heat convection

Shah RK, London AL (1978) Laminar flow forced convection in ducts a source book for compact heat exchanger analytical data. Advances in Heat Transfer, suppl 1. Academic, New York Sher 1, Hetsroni G (2002) An analytical model for nucleate pool boiling with surfactant additives. Int J Multiphase Flow 28 699-706... 

Shah, R. K., London, A. L, Laminar flow forced convection in ducts, Adv Heat Transfer Suppl. 1 (1978). 

Labuntsov (LI), 1956 Heat transfer to falling films (laminar flow) effects of convective heat transfer and inertia forces (neglected in Nusselt theory) considered experimentally and theoretically. 

Szewczyk, A.A., Combined Forced and Free-Convection Laminar Flow , J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 86, pp. 501-507. 1964. 

R K Shah, A L London, Laminar Flow Forced Convection m Ducts , Advances in Heat Transfer, suppl 1. Academic Press, New York, 1978... 

Forced Heat Convection in Laminar Flow of a Fluid Parallel to a Surface... 

R. K. Shah and A.L. London, Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts A Source Book for Compact Heat Exchanger Analytical Data (Adv. Heat Transfer, suppl. 1), Academic Press, London, 1978. 

S. Kakac and Y. Yener, Convective Heat Transfer (CRC Press, Florida, 1994). R.K. Shah and A.L. London, Laminar flow forced convection in ducts, Advances in Heat Transfer, edited by T.F.Jr. Irvine, and J.P. Hartnett (Academic Press, New York 1978), pp. 78-152. 

Bau H H and Wang Y-Z 1991 Chaos a heat transfer perspective Annual Reviews in Heat Transfer vol IV, ed C L Tien, pp 1-50 Ott E, Grebogi C and Yorke J A 1990 Controlling chaos Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 1196-9 Shah R K and London A L 1978 Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts (New York Academic)... 

H. H. Al-Ali, and M. S. Selim, Analysis of Laminar Flow Forced Convection Heat Transfer with Uniform Heating in the Entrance Region of a Circular Tube, Can. J. Chem. Eng., (70) 1101-1107, 1992. 

T. V. Nguyen, and I. L. MacLaine-Cross, Simultaneously Developing Laminar Flow, Forced Convection in the Entrance Region of Parallel Plates, / Heat Transfer, (113) 837-842,1991. 

To study laminar flow forced convection in microcharmels tmder the assumptions of steady-state axial pressure distribution and fully developed velocity field, the balance of the thermal energy can be written as follows [1] (see Convective Heat Transfer in Microcharmels ) ... 

Shah RK, London AL (1978) Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts. Adv Heat Transfer 14 196... 

Source Incropera, F. P. et aL Fundamentals cfHeat and Mass Transfer, 6th Edition. 2007. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission Shah, R. K. and London, A. L. Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts. Academic Press, New York, 1978 Asako, Y. et al. International Journal cf Heat and Mass Transfer, 31,2590-2593,1988. 

In the forced convection heat transfer, the heat-transfer coefficient, mainly depends on the fluid velocity because the contribution from natural convection is negligibly small. The dependence of the heat-transfer coefficient, on fluid velocity, which has been observed empirically (1—3), for laminar flow inside tubes, is h for turbulent flow inside tubes, h and for flow outside tubes, h. Flow may be classified as laminar or... 

Shah, R. K., Laminar flow friction and forced convection heat transfer in ducts of arbitrary geometry, Int. ). Heat Mass Transfer 18 (1975) 849-842. 

Below a Reynolds number of about 2000 the flow in pipes will be laminar. Providing the natural convection effects are small, which will normally be so in forced convection, the following equation can be used to estimate the film heat-transfer coefficient ... 

A deeper insight into the physical nature of the process. By representing experimental data in a dimensionless form, physical states (e.g. turbulent or laminar flow range, suspension state, heat transfer by natural or by forced convection, and so on) can be delimited from each other and the limits quantified. In this manner, the domain of individual physical quantities also becomes apparent. 

S Ostrach. An Analysis of Laminar Free-Convection Flow and Heat Transfer About a Flat Plate Parallel to the Direction of the Generating Body Force. NACA Report 1111, 1953. 

As with external mixed convection, the influence of buoyancy forces on the flow depends on the angle that the buoyancy forces makes to the direction of the forced flow. The heat transfer rate also, of course, depends on the duct cross-sectional shape as well as on whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. 

This chapter has been concerned with flows in wb ch the buoyancy forces that arise due to the temperature difference have an influence on the flow and heat transfer values despite the presence of a forced velocity. In extemai flows it was shown that the deviation of the heat transfer rate from that which would exist in purely forced convection was dependent on the ratio of the Grashof number to the square of the Reynolds number. It was also shown that in such flows the Nusselt number can often be expressed in terms of the Nusselt numbers that would exist under the same conditions in purely forced and purely free convective flows. It was also shown that in turbulent flows, the buoyancy forces can affect the turbulence structure as well as the momentum balance and that in turbulent flows the heat transfer rate can be decreased by the buoyancy forces in assisting flows whereas in laminar flows the buoyancy forces essentially always increase the heat transfer rate in assisting flow. Some consideration was also given to the effect of buoyancy forces on internal flows. 

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