Lamellar system

Thus the extensive variables characterizing the lamellar system are entropy [Pg.6]

Kreutz, W. and Welle, W. A General Theory for the Evaluation of X-Ray Diagrams of Biomembranes and Other Lamellar Systems. Vol. 30, pp. 161—225. 

Weiner, A. L. (1987). Lamellar systems for drug solubilization, in Liposomes From Biophysics to Therapeutics (M. J. Ostro, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 339-369. 

Analysis of the 1D Correlation Function. Several publications describe the search for a simple graphical analysis [22,159,162-164] of the ID correlation function by means of a geometrical construction. It is the drawback of all such methods that polydispersity and heterogeneity are not considered. The methods are derived from the general generation principle of correlation functions (Fig. 8.20), resulting in equations (cf. Eqs. (8.23), (8.70) and (8.64)) for the first off-origin maximum, the depth of the first minimum or the initial slope iid (0) of ideal correlation functions. For the simplified case of a lamellar system we obtain... 

MAS has been applied to a highly viscous cubic phase of a lyotropic LC formed by 1-monooleolyl-rac-glycerol and water in order to obtain liquid-like and 13C spectra.330 Deuterium, sodium, and fluorine NMR spectroscopy have been applied to study the phase behaviour of several dilute lamellar systems formed by low concentrations of an ra-hexadecylpyridinium salt, a sodium salt (e.g., NaBr, NaCl, or sodium trifluoroacetate), 1-hexanol, and D20.331 The 2H, 19F, and 23Na splittings were used to monitor the phase equilibria. The last two studies are motivated by the search of new lyotropic LC for the alignment of biomolecules. 

Christensen, R.M. (1979). Effective moduli of cylindrical and lamellar system. In Mechanics of Composite Materials, J Wiley, New York, pp. 73-105. 

Developing approach has given an explanation at what conditions the matrices with macroscopic non-uniformities (e.g., lamellar systems, heterogeneous inclusion phases, etc.) and with effective macroscopic diffusion coefficients in the latter case, a matrix is considered as a homogeneous one and when the phenomenological model of double sorption, which operates with sorption sites of two types could be used [190-192]. 

The functional and morphological heterogeneity of a lamellar system of chloroplasts indicates that pH values in different compartments (in granal and intergranal thylakoids) differ. This type of structure makes it difficult to measure local pH values at different sites. Therefore, mathematical models taking into account the spatial structure of chloroplasts provide a tool for studying the effect of diffusion restrictions on pH distributions over the thy lakoid on the rates of electron transport, proton transport, and ATP synthesis. The rate of ATP synthesis depends on the osmotic properties of a chloroplast-incubation medium and, therefore, on topological factors. 

Since we are considering a 2D system, we note that this is a monomolecular system and all of the centers of mass of the molecules are in the same plane (even if individual nuclei in the molecule are not). S Q), introduced earlier in this chapter, therefore only depends on the component of Q projected onto the scattering plane, Qparaiiei Just as Warren did, the case of lamellar systems like graphite and mica can now be considered, assuming that the scattering system has random orientations of the crystalhtes about an axis normal to the basal (or 2D) plane. Because the magnitude of the parallel component of the structure factor 5 (Q) is the relevant quantity... 

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