Lakes program

Mr. Brett D. Hulsey (invited to the meeting, but did not attend) Director, Great Lakes Program Midwest Representative Sierra Club... 

Hartig JH (1988) Remedial action plans A Great Lakes program whose time has come. In Hickcok DH (ed) The Great Lakes Living with North America s Inland Waters. Am Water Res Assn TPS-8-3 45-51. 

The data available are generally for the Athabasca materials, although workers at the University of Utah (Salt Lake City) have carried out an intensive program to determine the processibiUty of Utah bitumen and considerable data have become available. Bulk properties of samples from several locations (Table 3) (9) show that there is a wide range of properties. Substantial differences exist between the tar sands in Canada and those in the United States a difference often cited is that the former is water-wet and the latter, oil-wet (10). 

The Vinyl Industry s Dioxin Testing Program Background and Status Keport, The Viayl Institute, Morristown, N.J., Dec. 1995 1995Annual Keport, The Geon Co., Avon Lake, Ohio, 1996. 

Clarke (23) used many of the analyses from the program in his summary of the composition of river and lake waters of the United States. 

To download any or all of the programs cited below, go to http //www.lakes-environmental. com/lakeepa. html. 

In many ways, both Canada and the United States continue to be involved in a unique experiment of co-operative management of serious environmental issues which plague a shared international resource. Despite the institutional complexity and the history of abuse that man s activities have wrought on the Great Lakes, the experiment to restore and protect them has had several successes typhoid and cholera were eradicated eutrophication problems are now largely under control and where adequate control programs for toxic chemicals have been implemented and enforced (e.g., mercury, DDT, PCBs), there have been associated declines in concentrations in the lakes. These successes have been due in no small way to the spirit of co-operation that has continued to exist between Canada and the United States and the unique institutional arrangements entered into by the two countries. 

In summaiy, periphyton are present in all lakes, easy to sample, and would respond rapidly to changes in the abundance of MeHg. Periphyton are sometimes eaten directly by fish. The diverse, complex, and variable nature of the periphyton community, however, would complicate interpretation of mercury concentrations in periphyton in a monitoring program. 

Gilbertson M. 1997. Great Lakes forensic toxicology and the implications for research and regulatory programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 16 1771-1778. 

Hebert C, Nordstrom R, Weseloh DV. 1999. A quarter century of environmental surveillance the Canadian Wildhfe Service s Great Lakes Herring Gull Monitoring Program. Environ Rev 7 147-166. 

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