Lactose dehydration

JouppUa K, Kansikas J, Roos YH. Water induced crystaUization of amorphous lactose dehydrated lactose and lactose in skim milk powder. Crystal Growth of Organic Materials 4,4th International Workshop, Bremen, 17-19 September 1997 pp. 317—324. 

Lactose and casein are the two principal reactants in the browning of milk products, but dried whey products containing lactose also undergo browning. Holsinger et al. (1973) studied the variation of total and available lysine in dehydrated products from cheese wheys by different processes. Roller-dried products showed significant losses in ly-... 

Freeze-dried liposomes loaded with doxorubicin (DXR) have been stored for 6 months at temperatures between -20 and +50 °C. Up to 30 °C, no sign of degradation was found, but at 40-50 °C, well below the Tg of the dried cake, the total DXR content and the retention of the drag after dehydration decreased, whereas the size of the liposomes increased to a certain extent. The stability with RM below 1% was better than with RM 2.5-3.5%. Lactose, trehalose and maltose have similar lyoprotectant properties, whereas liposomes with sucrose showed an increase in size. 

D-Galactopyranosyl-D-arabinose was prepared from lactose oxime by dehydration with acetic anhydride and degradation of the resultant nitrile with sodium methoxide in chloroform. This galactosylarabinose has also been prepared by the oxidation of calcium lactobionate with hydrogen peroxide and a ferric salt (the Ruff degradation ). Under... 

Lerk CF, Andreae AC, de Boer AH, et al. Increased binding capacity and flowability of alpha-lactose monohydrate after dehydration. / Pharm Pharmacol 1983 35(11) 747-748. 

Vromans FI, de Boer AH, Bolhuis GK, et al. Studies on the tableting properties of lactose the effect of initial particle size on binding properties and dehydration characteristics of a-lactose monohydrate. In Rubinstein MH, ed. Pharmaceutical Technology Tableting Technology, vol. 1. Chichester Ellis Horwood, 1987 31-42. 

Vromans H, De Boer AH. Boihuis GK. Lerk CF. Kussendrager KD. Studies on tabletting properties of lactose. Part I. The effect of initial particle size on binding properties and dehydration characteristics of lactose. Acta Pharm Sucica 1985 22 163-72. 

The DSC thermograms of a number of lactose monohydrate samples were determined, and it was ultimately found that the dehydration endotherm was characterized by an enthalpy of desolvation equal to 150.5 J/g.48 This value for the pure monohydrate phase can then be used in conjunction with the measured desolvation enthalpies of actual samples to determine either the anhydrate phase content in a monohydrate sample or the monohydrate phase content in an anhydrate sample. To illustrate the utility of DSC analysis for such determinations, a series of calibration samples were prepared at levels approximately 90% or 10% in the monohydrate phase, using anhydrous /1-lactose as a diluent in bulk a-monohydrate.48 These were subjected to a standard DSC evaluation, and the results of this analysis are shown in Table 2. The results indicate that the DSC method was able to provide very good estimations of the phase composition. It is concluded that the magnitude of the error associated with the use of DSC analysis would be acceptable for quantitative analysis of mixtures of lactose monohydrate and anhydrate. 

The Ter (onset) of spray-dried and freeze-dried materials obtained from dynamic DSC analysis are shovm in Figure 44.3 with respective water contents. The decreased with increasing water activities and water contents showing a similar behavior as Tg. T of freeze-dried lactose was higher than T r of spray-dried lactose in the anhydrous state and at all corresponding water contents (Figure 44.3). T for freeze-dried lactose was nearly the same as reported by Roos and Karel (1990) for freeze-dried anhydrous and humidified lactose over various RVP. Crystallization of lactose also occurred differently from differently dehydrated materials. 

Early refeeding as tolerated is recommended. The AAP guidelines recommend age-appropriate diet resumption as soon as dehydration is corrected. Breast milk, lactose-free soy formula, and cow s... 

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