Lactate malate dehydrogenase electrode

Katrlik et al. [63] L-Malate, l-lactate Wines L-Malate dehydrogenase or l-lactate dehydrogenase and diaphorase/covered by a dialysis membrane NAD+-modified graphite-2-hexadecanone composite electrode Hexacyanoferrate(III)... 

Albareda-Sirvent and Hart [65] L-Malate, l-lactate Wines Lactate oxidase or malate dehydrogenase/in sol-gel matrix Sol-gel thick-film printed graphite electrode (contained NAD+ for malate sensors)/+ 350 mV vs. Ag/AgCl for lactate sensor and -125 mV vs. Ag/ AgCl for malate Meldola s Blue (mediator for the dehydrogenase)... 

Sulfite modified enzyme electrode. (2) L-Lactate/L-malate/ sulfite multibiosensor L-lactate dehydrogenase/L-malate dehydrogenase/ sulfite oxidase surface-modified enzyme electrodes/enzymes were deposited on the composite electrodes and covered with a dialysis membrane ... 

Esti et al. [8] L-Lactate L-Malate Micro-malolactic fermentation in red wine Lactate oxidase/in a nylon membrane with glutaraldehyde or NAD(P)+-dependent l-malate dehydrogenase oxaloacetate decarboxylating/ immobilised in an aminopropyl glass beads reactor Platinum electrode/ +650mV vs. Ag/AgCl Phenazine methosulfate (for malate sensor)... 

Modified electrodes for this analytical purpose have mostly been formed by electrode adsorption of the mediator systems on the electrode surface or by electropolymerization [24,116]. Recently, for example, NAD(P)H oxidations have been performed on platinum or gold electrodes modified with a monolayer of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) [117] or on poly(methylene blue)-modified electrodes with different dehydrogenases entrapped in a Nafion film for the amperometric detection of glucose, lactate, malate, or ethanol [118]. In another approach, carbon paste electrodes doped with methylene green or meldola blue together with diaphorase were used for the NADH oxidation [119]. A poly(3-methylthio-phene) conducting polymer electrode was efficient for the oxidation of NADH [120]. By electropolymerization of poly(aniline) in the presence of poly(vinylsulfonate) counterions. 

Figure 3-21. (A) Assembly of an integrated malate dehydrogenase, MalD, electrode for the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of malate by the surface crosslinking of an affinity complex formed between MalD and a boronate-linked PQQ-NADP monolayer. (B) Assembly of an integrated lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, electrode for the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of lactate by the surface crosslinking of an affinity complex formed between LDH and different structures of a boronate-linked PQQ NAD monolayer. Reproduced with permission from ref. 72. Copyright 1997, American Chemical Society.

Malate/ oxaloacetate lactate monooxygenase + malate dehydrogenase membrane O2 electrode 3 Schubert et al. (1991)... 

Malate/oxalacetate Malate dehydrogenase/Lactate monooxygenase Oxygen electrode... 

Matsumoto et al (41) prepared a multi-enzyme electrode using glucose oxidase, invertase, mutarotase, fructose-5-dehydrogenase, and catalase to simultaneously detect glucose, fructose, and sucrose in fruit juices and soft drinks. Detection of multi-components by enzyme sensors was also reported in analysis of sucrose and glucose in honey (42) and drinks (43), and L-malate and L-lactate in wines (44). 

---