Lactate electro-oxidation

Simon et al. [92] investigated a biocatalytic anode based on lactate oxidation by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The anodic current is generated by the oxidation of NADH (produced by NAD+ and substrate) while LDH catalyzes the electro-oxidation of lactate into pyruvate. As previously mentioned, the oxidation of NADH at bare electrodes requires a large overpotential, so these authors used poly(aniline) films doped with polyanions to catalyze NADH oxidation. Subsequent research by this group focused on targeting mutants of LDH that are amenable to immobilization on the polyaniline surface [93],... 

Katakis and Heller [21] also applied the redox hydrogel to construct L-lactate and L-a-glycerophosphate sensors, where they observed electro-catalytic oxidation of both lactate and glycerol-3-phosphate at electrodes coated with three-dimensional redox polymer epoxy cross-linked networks which incorporated the respective oxidases. 

L-lactate Lactate oxidase and meldola s blue adsorbed on Si02 particles coated with niobium oxide and dispersed in a cartxm paste electrode Bio- and electro- catalysis [205]... 

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