Laboratory introductory chemistry

Shitbley, Jr. I. A., Zimmaro, D. M. (2002). The influenee of eollaborative learning on student attitudes and performance in an introductory chemistry laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 79, 745-748. 

Chemical reactions are the changes (A) of greatest interest to chemists. The heat liberated or absorbed in chemical reactions (i.e., reaction enthalpy A//rxn, under the usual conditions of open laboratory vessels) has been the subject of intense interest and quantitative calorimetric study from the dawn of the modem chemical era. In the present section, we merely wish to sketch how first-law principles underlie the entire theory and practice of modem thermochemistry, without entering the domain of practical applications, which are usually discussed in introductory chemistry textbooks. 

Carvalho, K. M. Water Quality A Project-based Laboratory for Introductory Chemistry, 225th Am. Chem. Soc. National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 23-27, 2003. Chem. Ed. Division Paper 44. 

Kelley, C. Gaither, K. K. Baca-Spry, A. Cruick-shank, B. J. Incorporation of Phytoremediation Strategies into the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory, Chem. Educ. 2000, 5(3), 140-143. 

Green WJ, Ellioh C. Cummins RH (2004) Prompted inquiry-based learning in the introductory chemistry laboratory. 7 Chem Educ. 81 (2) 239—241... 

The procedures and principles of qualitative analysis are covered in many introductory chemistry laboratory courses. In qualitative analysis, students learn to analyze mixtures of the common positive and negative ions, separating and confirming the presence of the particular ions in the mixture. One of the first steps in such an analysis is to treat the mixture with hydrochloric acid, which precipitates and removes silver ion, lead(II) ion, and mercury(I) ion from the aqueous mixture as the insoluble chloride salts. Write balanced net ionic equations for the precipitation reactions of these three cations with chloride ion. 

Instructor s Guide for Introductory Chemistry in the Laboratory by James R Hall includes general notes about each experiment, estimated completion time, materials required, and answers to both pre- and post-laboratory questions. Annotations in the AIE indicate where experiments from this manual are relevant to chapter content. The lab manual has been updated and revised for this edition. 

Jim Hall of the University of Massachusetts, Lowell, contributed in many different ways to the success of this project. He has been a tremendous help with the end-of-chapter questions and problems and the cumulative review exercises, along with writing the Solutions Guides, Introductory Chemistry in the Laboratory, and the Instructor s Guide for Introductory Chemistry in the Laboratory. 

Central to any discussion of chemistry is the Periodic Table, that masterpiece of organization formulated in the 19th century principally by Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) and its basis understood in the 20th century once the structures of atoms had been explained. That the table is important is confirmed by its ubiquity it hangs on laboratory and lecture room walls and is printed in every introductory chemistry textbook. There is a version towards the end of this book. Its importance, though, should not be overstated. Working chemists do not gaze... 

Most experiments in introductory chemistry courses use hydrophilic solutes with water as the solvent. While there are many chemical reasons for this (such as the solubility of common acids and bases in water), water is also a convenient solvent since it is inexpensive, it is nonflammable, and, if it doesn t have nasty things dissolved in it, it is easy to dispose of by just pouring it down the sink. The transition to organic chemistry traditionally involves a change from hydrophilic chemistry to hydrophobic chemistry in the laboratory. 

Corrosive Hazards in Introductory Chemistry Laboratories Describes the hazards of corrosive chemicals that most likely will be encountered in the first year of chemistry. 

Introductory Chemistry is designed for a one-semester, college-level, introductory or preparatory chemistry course. Students taking this course need to develop problem-solving skills— but they also must see why these skills are important to them and to their world. Introductory Chemistry extends chemistry from Ihe laboratory to the student s world. It motivates students to learn chemistry by demonstrating how it plays out in their daily lives. 

Drawing from Professor Tro s experience in the classroom with his own students. Introductory Chemistry, Fourth Edition brings chemistry out of the laboratory and into the world—Whelping you learn chemistry by showing you how it is manifested in our daily lives. Clear, specific examples are woven throughout this text to tell the story of chemistry. The Fourth Edition is also available with MasteringChemistry , the premier online homework and assessment tool. 

Figure 3.1 Three examples of laboratory balances, (a) A triple-beam balance measures mass with an error of 0.01 g. It is usually used when high accuracy is not required, (b) This toploading balance measures mass with an error of 0.001 g. It has sufficient accuracy for most introductory chemistry applications, (c) An analytical balance measures mass with an error of 0.0001 g. It is usually used in more advanced courses and in scientific laboratories. 

Figure 3.5 shows some laboratory devices for measuring volume. Figure 3.6 compares two important instruments used to deliver accurately measured volumes in introductory chemistry laboratories. 

Figure 3.6 A buret and a pipet. The buret on the left is used to deliver variable volumes to an accuracy of 0.05 mL. The pipet on the right is used to dispense a fixed volume of liquid with an accuracy of 0.03 mL. These instruments are common in introductory chemistry laboratories, but most research labs use automated titrators and automatic pipets. 

Laboratory Manual by Susan A. Weiner and Edward I. Peters This lab manual provides laboratory experiments suitable for an introductory chemistry course. The laboratory manual is accompanied by its own inshuctor s manual. 

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