Labeling with hydrogen isotopes

The first part of this chapter discusses CLA labeled with deuterium because only labeling with this hydrogen isotope has been described. In the second part, preparations of CLA labeled with carbon isotopes are discussed. The last section reports recent syntheses of CLA metabolites labeled with carbon 14. 

Sometimes the strongly basic properties of Gngnard reagents can be turned to synthetic advantage A chemist needed samples of butane specifically labeled with deuterium the mass 2 isotope of hydrogen as shown... 

Also present in the first test tube is a synthetic analog of ATP in which both the 2 and 3 hydroxyl groups have been replaced by hydrogens This compound is called 2 3 dideoxyadenosme triphosphate (ddATP) Similarly ddTTP is added to the second tube ddGTP to the third and ddCTP to the fourth Each tube also contains a primer The primer is a short section of the complementary DNA strand which has been labeled with a radioactive isotope of phosphorus ( P) When the electrophoresis gel is examined at the end of the experiment the positions of the DNAs formed by chain extension of the primer are located by a technique called autoradiography which detects the particles emitted by the P isotope... 

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