L-palmitoyl-2-

Fig. 5 Surface pressure/area isotherm for the compression cycle of dipalmitoylphos-phatidyl choline (dashed line) and l-palmitoyl-2-(l2-hydroxystearoyl)phosphatidyl choline (solid line) on a pure water subphase at 25°C. Reprinted with permission from Arnett et al., 1989. Copyright 1989 American Chemical Society.

Hyvonen, M. T., Rantala, T. T. and Ala-Korpela, M. (1997). Structure and dynamic properties of diunsaturated l-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-,sM-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer from molecular dynamics simulation, Biophys. J., 73, 2907-2923. 

The different phosphoglycerides are often named by placing the constituent attached to the phosphate group after phosphatidyl , e.g. phosphatidyl choline (3-in-phosphatidylcholine or l,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline). There are many phosphoglycerides because of the possible variation in the fatty acid chains, and when the full chemical structure is known, it should be used (e.g. l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine). Nomenclature that entails the use of the DL system should be avoided. 

M. Vincent, J. Gallay, J. de Bony, and J.-F. Tocanne, Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study of phospholipid molecular motion in the gel phase using l-palmitoyl-2-[9-(2-anthryl)-nonanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as probe, Ear, J. Biochem. 250, 341-347 (1985). 

In order to provide quantitative information on the elfeets of pressure on eross-peak intensities, we earned out 2D-NOESY experiments on pure POPC (l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-x -glyeero-3-phosphatidylcholine (Ci6 o, Cig c )) and DMPC (l,2-dimyristoyl-OT-glyeero-3-phosphatidylcholine (di-Ci4 o)) lipid bilayers.As an example, we present data on POPC, a phospholipid which is also a very important eomponent of animal cell membranes. It has an... 

Figure 12.9 Colorimetric bacterial fingerprinting. The color combination for each bacterium reflects the chromatic transitions (RCS) recorded 7 h after the start of growth at a bacterial concentration of 1 x lO /niL. The RCS color key is shown on the left (i) 1-a-dioleoylpho-sphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/PDA (1 9 mole ratio), (ii) sphingomyelin/cholesterol/PDA (7 3 90), (iii) DMPC/PDA (1 9), and (iv) l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-j n-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(l-glycerol)] (POPG)/PDA (1 9). Reprinted from Scindia et al. (2007). Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society. (See color insert.)...

Figure 9.19 Temperature dependent circular dichroism spectra of 1.2 x 10 " M melittin in a 43% (w/w) l-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-L-3-phosphatidylcholine(PLPC), cubic phase (10 irtM tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4). Spectra taken during a heating cycle (1, 5 °C 2, 15 °C 3, 25 °C 4, 35 °C 5,45 °C) [0] is the mean residue ellipticity. (Adapted from Landau and Luisi, 1993.)...

Ini, C. C., and B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, Reactions of Dinitrogen Pentoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide with l-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-s -Glycero-3-Phosphocholine, Lipids, 26, 306-314 (1991). 

Hydrolysis of Lipids Name the products of mild hydrolysis with dilute NaOH of (a) l-stearoyl-2,3-dipalmitoyl-glycerol (b) l-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine. 

Even though 1,2-dilinoleoyl and l-palmitoyl-2-linolenoyl lecithins form more expanded monolayers than egg lecithin, their mixed mono-layers with cholesterol follow the additivity rule (48). This can be explained as follows. At low surface pressures, these lecithins have greater intermolecular spacing and hence form intermolecular cavities of smaller height which cannot accommodate cholesterol molecules (Figure 4e). At high surface pressure, the linoleoyl and linolenoyl chains, as opposed to oleoyl chains, do not form cavities in the monolayer (Figure lOi). 

The most abundant are monounsaturated TAGs, the unsaturated fatty acid (very often oleic acid) being in the 2-position. l-Palmitoyl-2-oleyl-3-stearoylglycerol (P-O-S), P-O-P and S-O-S account for 36-38, 14-16 and 23-28%, respectively of the total TAGs. It is these TAGs which are mainly responsible for the behaviour of chocolate when undergoing crystallisation [2]. 

Liposomes can even be used as microreactors. Until recently, the utility of this technique was limited by the fact that they could be used for only a relatively short time because of depletion of the reaction mixture. It has now been shown that liposomes of l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphochoHne (POPC) can be used as a semipermeable microreactor after treatment with sodium cholate. It has been demonstrated that this allows a biochemical reaction to take place inside the liposomes but not in the external medium. Such cholate-induced POPC bilayers can also be used to insert enzymes [91]. 

Another example is the perturbing effect of eight calcium channel blockers on membranes prepared from two different lipids [68]. The authors used total lipids from rat brain and synaptosomal membranes. The spin probe was l-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-phosphatidyl-choline labeled at the doxyl group at the carbon-16 position (16-PC). The apparent order parameter, S, is calculated from the apparent outer (Amax) and inner (Amin) splittings which were directly taken from the ESR spectra. It is used to describe the relative efficiency of the dmgs in perturbing the lipid membrane. 

A solution of l-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-myristoylglycerol and phosphatidic acid in benzene is shaken with an equal volume of water. After the two phases separate, which lipid will be in the higher concentration in the aqueous phase ... 

Parente, R. A., and Lentz, B. R. (1985), Advantages and limitations of l-palmitoyl-2-[[2-[4-(6-phenyl-trans-l,3,5-hexatrienyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbonyl]-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine as a fluorescent membrane probe, Biochemistry, 24, 6178-6185. 

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