Kraft lignin applications

Applications of Kraft Lignins. Because of the high fuel value of black Hquor, kraft lignin products are generaUy used in high value... 

Kraft chemical pulp process, 13 94 Kraft lignins, 15 19-20 applications of, 15 19-20 Kraft paper process... 

Table I. Technical applications of spray dried spent sulfite liquors (SSL) and kraft lignin or its modifications (KL)...

Regarding these uncertainties the agreement of phenol alcohols found in kraft lignin with FeCl3 test and other methods is very reassuring. This colorimetric method is less applicable for M.W.L. preparations in which only a small amount of phenol alcoholic groups can be formed. 

Most of the research on the macromolecular chemistry of lignin has been concentrated on iignosulfonates and kraft lignin because of the insolubility of lignin in its native state. The polymer properties are of importance for the evaluation of the technical applicability of lignin products. For theoretical considerations, see Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3. 

This procedure should be equally applicable to the determination of sulfur in lignin sulfonates or sulfonated kraft lignins. 

Thielemans, W. and Wool, R.P. (2004) Butyrated kraft lignin as compatibilizing agent for natural fiber reinforced thermoset composites. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35,327-338. Satheesh Kumar, M.N., Mohanty, A.K., Erickson, L. and Misra, M. (2009) Lignin and its applications with polymers. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3, 1-24. 

The main applications for kraft lignin draivatives are as disp sants and emulsifiers. They include ... 

Unmodified kraft lignins have a few applications, principally as anti-oxidant for fat during meat rendering and as carriers, adsorbents and UV screens for active compounds in formulations of crop protection chemicals [62]. 

Soda lignins do flow when heated and their glass transition tenperatures have been reported in the range of 158-185°C [71]. The lack of sulphur gives them some advantage over kraft lignins for applications for which thermal flow is a requirement and volatile sulphurous emissions are undesirable. 

Sulfonated kraft lignins derivatized via ethoxylation have recently been used as dispersants in numerous applications including pesticides and dyestuffs (128). Propoxylated lignosulfonates have found use commercially as nonretarding dispersants for oil-well cements (129). 

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