Kohn, David

The widespread detection of phthalate metabolites in human urine has produced questions about public-health risks, especially with regard to antiandrogen effects that can influence male gonadal development (Gray et al. 2000 Parks et al. 2000). The extrapolation from urinary biomonitoring results to exposure and risk assessment has been facilitated by calculations that convert urinary metabolite concentrations to intake dose of the parent phthalate (Koo et al. 2002 Koch et al. 2003 Kohn et al. 2000 David 2000). The parent diester phthalates are rapidly and completely metabolized to the monoester metabolites, which are rapidly cleared by the kidney. Those features allow one to assume that the daily excretion rate of metabolite is equal to the daily intake rate of the parent chemical. Furthermore,... 

Andrew J.W. Gleadow, David X. Belton, Barry P. Kohn... 

David H. Kohn Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (CHAP. 13)... 

---