Knudsen, Martin

Nath A, Psooy K, Martin C, Knudsen B, Magnuson DS, Haughey N, Geiger JD (1996) Identification of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat epitope that is neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic. J Virol 70(3) 1475-1480... 

Judson R, Houck K, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen T, Martin T, Mortensen HM, Reif D, Rotroff D, Shaha I, Richard AM, Dix DJ (2010) In vitro screening of environmental chemicals for targeted testing prioritization the ToxCast project. Environ Health Perspect 118 485-492... 

The concept of salinity was introduced by Georg Forchhammer in 1865. From extensive analyses of seawater samples, he was able to demonstrate the validity of Marcet s principle for the most abundant of the salt ions chloride, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sulfete. Thus, he recognized that the salinity of seawater could be inferred from the easily measurable chloride concentration or chlorinity. The details of this relationship were worked out by Martin Knudsen, Carl Forch, and S. E L. Sorenson between 1899 and 1902. With the international acceptance of their equation relating salinity to chlorinity (S%o = 1.805 Cl%o + 0.030), the standardization necessary for hydro-graphic research was provided. A slight revision in this equation (S%o = 1.80655 Cl%o) was made in 1962 by international agreement. 

Boehncke, A.. Martin. K.. Muller. M.G., and Cammenga, H.K. The vapor pressure of lindane (Y-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclo-hexane) - A comparison of Knudsen effusion measurements with data from other techniques, /. Chem. Eng. Data, 41 (3) 543-545,1996. 

Martin MT, Knudsen TB, Reif DM et al (2011) Predictive model of rat reproductive toxicity from ToxCast high tliroughput screening. Biol Reprod 85(2) 327-339... 

Thomas Knudsen, Matthew Martin, Kelly Chandler, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Richard Judson, and Nisha Sipes... 

Knudsen TB, Martin MT, Kavlock RJ, Judson RS, Dix DJ, Singh AV (2009) Profiling the activity of environmental chemicals in prenatal developmental toxicity studies using the U.S. EPA s ToxRefDB. Reprod Toxicol 28 209-219... 

Knudsen TB, Houck KA, Sipes N, Singh AV, Judson R, Martin MT, Weissman A, Kleinstreuer NC, Mortensen HM, Reif D, Rabinowitz JR, Setzer RW, Richard AM, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ (2011) Activity profiles of 309 ToxCast chemicals evaluated across 292 biochemical targets. Toxicology 282 1-15... 

Judson RS, Kavlock RJ, Setzer RW, Cohen Hubal ES, Martin MT, Knudsen TB, Houck KA, Thomas RS, Wetmore BA, Dix DJ (2011) Estimating toxicity-related biological pathway altering doses for high-throughput chemical risk assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 24 451-462... 

Sipes NS, Martin MT, Reif DM, Kleinstreuer NC, Judson RS, Singh AV, Chandler KJ, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB (2011) Predictive models of prenatal developmental toxicity from ToxCast high-throughput screening data. Toxicol Sci 124 109-127... 

Martin MT, Knudsen TB, Judson RS, Kavlock RJ, Dix DJ (2012) Economic benefits of using adaptive predictive models of reproductive toxicity in the context of a tiered testing paradigm. Syst Biol Reprod Med 58 3-9... 

The cell was named after Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (Feb. 15,1871 - May 27,1949), a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research on molecular gas flow at the Technical University of Denmark. 

Knudsen M. (1901) Hydrographical Tables (according to the measurings of Carl Forch, P. Jacobsen, Martin Knudsen and S. P. L. Sorensen). G. E. C. Gad, Copenhagen, Williams Norgate, London, 63pp.. 

Martin Knudsen. Die Gesetze der Molekularstrmung und der inneren Rei-bungsstrmung der Case durch Rhren. Annalen der Physik, 333(1) 75-130, 1909. 

Judson R, Houck K, Martin M, Knudsen T, Thomas RS, Sipes N, Shah I, Wambaugh J, Crofton K (2014) In vitro and modelling approaches to risk assessment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast programme. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 115, 69-76. 

Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, Fritz BR, Wyman SK, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Peterson A, Noteboom J, O Briant KC, Allen A, Lin DW, Urban N, Drescher CW, Knudsen BS, Stirewalt DL, Gentleman R, Vessella RL, Nelson PS, Martin DB, Tewaii M (2008) Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 10513-10518. 

Knudsen number (Kn) Dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the mean free path length of gas atoms/molecules to a representative physical length scale, e.g., pore size the number is named after Danish physicist Martin Knudsen (1871-1949)... 

Knudsen diffusion in diluted gases discovered by Martin Knudsen (Knudsen, 1909, 1934 Peres and Yablonsky, 2004)... 

Fig. 6.2. The ratio between the double and single ionization cross sections for antiprotons ( , ) (Andersen et al. [3.40, 3.41, 3.46 ) and protons ( ) (Knudsen et al. [1.9], Andersen et al. [3.41], Shah and Gilbody [4.19], Puckett and Martin [1.1]) colliding with helium.

Because the use of tiny-holed chambers to study the effusion of gases was pioneered by the Danish scientist Martin Knudsen in the early 1900s, such chambers are called Knudsen cells and this type of effusion is termed Knudsen effusion. Knudsen cells are still used for vaporizing high-melting materials in vacuum systems for example, they are used in the semiconductor industry to manufacture computer chips. 

To this end, thin films (1.5-4 fim) of polyaniline grown on alumina (Anopore support membranes) have been studied for gas transport properties by Kuwabata and Martin [54]. When 1.5 fim thick films were tested for permeability, O2/N2 selectivities <1 were obtained, indicating Knudsen-type diffusion, likely due to micro-porous defects. Selectivity coefficients were found to... 

The use of polypyrrole and its derivatives was investigated soon after the reported discovery of polyaniline membranes. Liang and Martin [65] demonstrated that thin films of polypyrrole could be grown on alumina (An-opore) support membranes by using interfacial polymerization techniques. Doped polypyrrole films were found to be porous, showing Knudsen diffusion with an O2/N2 selection coefficient of 0.94. However, poly(A/-methyl-pyrrole) films were nonporous and showed good gas transport and selectivity. For example, a Ajxm poly(A/-methylpyrrole) film doped with NOs" ions had an oxy-... 

Knudsen diffusion A type of diffusion applied to gases that diffuse through the narrow pores and capillaries of a porous material in which the collisions between the gas molecules and the walls of the pores are appreciable, and consequently influence the rate of diffusion. The movement or motion of gas at low pressure is the result of individual molecular free path motion. Knudsen flow occurs where the mean free path is greater than the radius of the aperture by about a factor of ten. ft is named after Danish physicist Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (1871-1949). 

Martin Hans Christian Knudsen, 1871-1949. Danish physicist and oceanographer. 

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