Knowledge creation methods

In the sections that follow types of PK/PD knowledge creation, general steps in the knowledge creation process, data supplementation and the motivation for it, data supplementation procedure, nonparametric approximate Bayesian data supplementation method, structure-based multiple supplementation with a motivating example, and implications of the use of multiple data supplementation for the characterization of an unexplored region of the response are described. The emphasis in this chapter is on the use of data supplementation to characterize unexplored region of the response surface. A discussion on data synthesis, the qualitative characterization of the response surface, and the estimation of inestimable uncertainty has been elegantly presented by Williams et al. (1) and Ette and Onyiah (5). Therefore, these approaches are discussed in brief in the sections that follow. 

The above questions can be answered only with the knowledge of hundreds of model creation methods applied to solve everyday and special modeling tasks. 

Knowledge creation and synthesis learning outcomes, while more difficult to measure, can be assessed with some of the same methods as skills and processes. Examples include... 

From an early age Boerhaave was familiar with the idea that God reveals Flim-self in the creation as well as in the Scriptures, so when he changed from the study of theology to the study of natural philosophy, he changed his method of study rather than the topic under investigation. Whether Boerhaave studied how God reveals Flimself in Flis Word or how he shows Ftimself in the creation, the ultimate Calvinistic end of study remained the knowledge of God and of man himself. 

According to Bohn, the study of chemistry was fundamental to perfecting all the other arts and sciences. No one who wished to be successful in medicine could ignore chemistry, and the real professors of natural philosophy in our age, he noted, were men of the body who understood the texture, nature, and structure of the body s various parts. Most of all, however, the universality of chemistry consisted in the fact that it alone displayed the means by which mixed bodies were dissolved and their textures transformed. Chemistry could thus alter the innate properties of bodies and direct them into other things. It is incredible, says Bohn, how much power the chemist has. It was this noble and excellent part of philosophy that Bohn had loved. . . since boyhood. What he really loved, however, was the power to make things different than they were before, to force nature, as it were, into different shapes and structures, and from that to learn what was fundamental to her construction. In this, as we shall see, Bohn shared an important attitude toward the creation of knowledge that had recently been expressed in a more philosophical setting as the experimental method. 

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