Knock knees

Vitamin D Calcium metabolism Fish-liver oil Bone pain and skeletal, deformities such as bowlegs. (Rickets) and knock-knee in children. Osteomalacia in adults. 

Patellofemoral compartment involvement Pain related to climbing stairs Medial compartment involvement Genu varum (bowlegged deformity) Lateral compartment involvement Genu valgum (knock-knee deformity) Transient joint effusions Typically noninflammatory... 

A characteristic gait was observed in both euthyroid and hypothyroid patients. Its most obvious feature was broadening of the base and knock-knees. The feet were flat and everted, the knees flexed and the hips adducted. The arms did not swing and were held in a curious posture the shoulders abducted, the elbows and wrists flexed. The cretins walked, shoulders swaying, in a stiff shuffling manner and turned with difficulty, effecting this manoeuvre in a series of small steps. The trunk was tilted in flexion in severely affected patients. Some required assistance to... 

F vitamin D3 Vitamin D3 is the most abundant of the D vitamins. Strictly speaking, it is not a vitamin because it can be synthesized in the body from cholesterol. Nevertheless, it is classified as such, and many foods (particularly milk) are fortified with vitamin D3 so that we get enough of this vital nutrient. Vitamin D helps regulate both calcium and phosphorus metabolism. A deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets, a bone disease characterized by knock-knees, spinal curvature, and other deformities. 

Historically, rickets is a disease of toddlers, especially in northern industrial cities. Their bones are undermineralized, as a result of poor absorption of calcium in the absence of adequate amounts of calcitriol. When the child begins to walk, the long bones of the legs are deformed, leading to bow-legs or knock knees. More seriously. 

Fig. R-l 6. An Indian boy suffering from rickets. Note the protruding abdomen, knock knees, enlarged skull, and enlarged wrists. (Courtesy, FAO, Rome, Italy.)...

---