Kidney spiders

In contrast, the brown recluse spider from the USA has a more complex venom, which causes damage to arteries and veins, and the formation of clots. This leads to pain and inflammation, and damage to tissues which may leave a scar. Victims can die of circulatory or kidney failure. 

USE Acaricide, esp for the control of eggs and larvae of red spider mites. Caution May be irritating to skin. Kidney and liver injuries have been produced in exptl animals. 

Internal capillary-type glass microelectrodes, (Khuri-type) (15) (Fig. lb), have been used to determine the intraluminal pH of rat kidney tubular fluid (15), and the hemolymph of the female spider (16). 

Acaricidal and insecticidal activities of the synthesized compounds were determined as follows. In the case of two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae), female adult mites were placed on the excised leaf of kidney bean seedling, and then, the test solution (test confounds were dissolved in acetone at 20 to 200 ppm) was sprayed onto die leaf. Mortality was determined 2 days after the treatment. In the case of western flower thrips (F. occidentalis), first instar larvae were released on released on the excised leaf of kidney bean seedling (15 larvae per a disk), which was then sprayed with the test solutioa Mortality was determined 2 days after the treatment. In die case of silver leaf Miitefly B. argentifolii), adult whiteflies were released on die cabbage leaf and allowed to oviposit for 24 hours. Adults were removed from the leaf and the leaf was stood for 7 days. A leaf disk of 20 millimeters in diameter was excised from the leaf and sprayed with the test solution. Mortality was determined 6 days after the treatment. The acaricidal and insecticidal activities were indicated as activity indexes 3,2 and 1 which represent the mortality of 100%, 99% to 50% and less dian 49%, respectively. 

The potential use of spider silk as a new biomaterial has led to the evaluation of various heterologous expression systems for the production of recombinant spider silk-like proteins [65]. Partial cDNA constructs of dragline silk protein were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli [66], mammalian cell lines (MAC-T/bovine and BHK (baby hamster kidney)/hamster) [67], insect-cell lines [68, 69], and transgenic silkworm larvae [69]. Designer synthetic genes based on Nephila clavipes spider dragline and fiagdliform protein sequences have also been expressed in E. coli... 

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