Kaelble

There has been considerable elaboration of the simple Girifalco and Good relationship, Eq. XII-22. As noted in Sections IV-2A and X-6B, the surface ftee energies that appear under the square root sign may be supposed to be expressible as a sum of dispersion, polar, and so on, components. This type of approach has been developed by Dann [70] and Kaelble [71] as well as by Schonhom and co-workers (see Ref. 72). Good (see Ref. 73) has preferred to introduce polar interactions into a detailed analysis of the meaning of in Eq. IV-7. While there is no doubt that polar interactions are important, these are orientation dependent and hence structure sensitive. 

D. H. Kaelble, Physical Chemistry of Adhesion, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971. D. F. Moore, Principles arui Applications of Tribology, Peigamon, New York, 1975. 

D. H. Kaelble, in Physical Chemistry of Adhesion, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971. 

Owens and Wendt [76] and Kaelble [77] suggested that surface energies consist of contributions due to dispersion forces plus those due to polar effects (and ignoring other possible contributions) ... 

Kaelble, D. H., Comnuter-Aided Design Of Polymers And Composites. Dekker, New York, NY (1985). 

Several attempts have been made to superimpose creep and stress-relaxation data obtained at different temperatures on styrcne-butadiene-styrene block polymers. Shen and Kaelble (258) found that Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) (27) shift factors held around each of the glass transition temperatures of the polystyrene and the poly butadiene, but at intermediate temperatures a different type of shift factor had to be used to make a master curve. However, on very similar block polymers, Lim et ai. (25 )) found that a WLF shift factor held only below 15°C in the region between the glass transitions, and at higher temperatures an Arrhenius type of shift factor held. The reason for this difference in the shift factors is not known. Master curves have been made from creep and stress-relaxation data on partially miscible graft polymers of poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(mcthyl methacrylate) (260). WLF shift factors held approximately, but the master curves covered 20 to 25 decades of time rather than the 10 to 15 decades for normal one-phase polymers. 

Kaelble, D., "Physical Chemistry of Adhesion", Wiley-Interscience, 1971 p.397... 

Kaelble s work emphasizes the significance of modern characterization methods for this purpose. 

Kaelble, D.H. Computer-Aided Design of Polymers and Composites Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY, 1985. 

Kaelble, D.H., Dynes, P.J. and Mans, L. (1974). Surface energy analysis of treated graphite fibers. J. Adhesion 6, 239-258. 

Shen and Kaelble (29) found the same linear dependence in the region —60° and 60°C but state that below —50°C and above 80°C the temperature dependence of Kraton 101 could be described by the WLF equation with cx = 16.14, C2 = 56, and Tr — — 97°C below —50°C, and Tr — 60°C above 80°C. They ascribe the temperature dependence below —50 °C to the pure polybutadiene phase and that above 80 °C to the pure polystyrene phase. They then assume that at temperatures between —50° and 80°C the molecular mechanisms for stress relaxation are being contributed by an interfacial phase visualized as a series of spherical shells enclosing each of the pure polystyrene domains and characterized... 

Kaelble, D.H. 1977. A surface energy analysis of bioadhesion. Polymer 18 475. 

An average of eight measurements was taken as the contact angle. Water and methylene iodide were used as test liquids. Polarity of the dried latex films were estimated according to the method of Kaelble (10). 

Polarity of Vinyl Acrylic Latex and Surfactant Adsorption Contact angle measurements, dispersion and polar contribution to latex film surface tension and polarity of polymer calculated according to the method of Kaelble (10) of the three latex films are whown in Table V. It is seen that the polarity of the latex film decreases with increase in butyl acrylate content of the vinyl acrylic co-polymer. The polarity of the 70/30 (VA/BA) latex is very similar to that of the polybutyl acrylate homopolymer estimated to be about 0.21 (1). ... 

Air (elemental phosphorus Trap elemental phosphorus in impingers containing xylene GC-FPD 0.4 pg/m3 No data Bohl and Kaelble 1973... 

The wettability of a polymer film normally is determined by static contact angle measurements. The surface free energy (SE) of a polymer can be determined by wettability measurements with two different liquids. The dispersion force and polar contributions to SE, 7 d and 7 p respectively, are also calculated normally by using the Owens and Wendt, and Kaelble methods [146,147], The measurements of contact angles (CA) on a given solid surface is one of the most practical ways to obtain surface free energies. 

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