Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble

In a large part of the (current) literature the Lifshitz-van der Waals component (o, is simply termed dispersion component and the Lewis acid-base interactions (o ) are interpreted as polar interactions even though the material s dipole moments may be zero or the interactions originating from permanent dipoles are very small and can be easily associated with the dispersion part [6]. The misleading denominations go back to a historical misidentification of the acid-base interactions as polar interactions in the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble [7-9] approach to calculate the IFT [6] (OWRK model). However, as an impact on the SFE calculation by this misinterpretation of this old theory occurs only when a monopolar base interacts with a monopolar acid, this nomenclature is still widely used. And here in this work we will also use the terms dispersion and po/ar interactions to differentiate the two major contributions to SFE, ST, and IFT. For a detailed discussion of the use of contact angles in determining SFE of solids and other methods of determining SFE, see Etzler [10]. 

Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) method. Owens and Wendt [19] modified the Fowkes model by assuming that solid surface tension and liquid surface tensions are composed of two components, namely, a dispersion component and a hydrogenbonding component. The nondispersive interaction was included into the hydrogenbonding component. Nearly at the same time, Rabel [20] and Kaelble [21] also published a very similar equation by partitioning the solid surface tension into dispersion and polar components. Subsequent researchers called this as the OWRK method, and ysv and jiv can be expressed as... 

The surface energy (y) was calculated by using the method of Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble. The initial value of the contact angle, the polar (y ) and dispersive (y ) terms of the surface energies have been calculated by the instrument software. 

Table 3 Surface energies calculated by Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble method for both MDF...

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