Justifications for Hydrogen

Conventional wisdom has long told us that energy supplies are sufficient to meet demands for energy, even as those demands began to soar worldwide. 

But a potential new type of conventional wisdom has governments, automobile manufacturers, and even oil companies exploring the hydrogen option. This tactical change is due to 

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From electronic structure theory it is known that the repulsion is due to overlap of the electronic wave functions, and furthermore that the electron density falls off approximately exponentially with the distance from the nucleus (the exact wave function for the hydrogen atom is an exponential function). There is therefore some justification for choosing the repulsive part as an exponential function. The general form of the Exponential - R Ey w function, also known as a ""Buckingham " or ""Hill" type potential is... 

Isotopes of hydrogen. Three isotopes of hydrogen are known H, 2H (deuterium or D), 3H (tritium or T). Isotope effects are greater for hydrogen than for any other elements (and this may by a justification for the different names), but practically the chemical properties of H, D and T are nearly identical except in matters such as rates and equilibrium constants of reactions (see Tables 5.1a and 5.1b). Molecular H2 and D2 have two forms, ortho and para forms in which the nuclear spins are aligned or opposed, respectively. This results in very slight differences in bulk physical properties the two forms can be separated by gas chromatography. 

If, on the other hand, he means only the separation of air from water by boiling, as illustrated in the latter of the above sentences, then it may be conjectured that lie only observes the conversion of water into vapor (air) in. boiling. In no case is there any justification for Iloefer s conclusion. Paracelsus and Basilius Valentinus may therefore both be eliminated as early observers of the formation of the gas now known as hydrogen. 

Selective hydrogenation has been successfully employed commercially to convert the butadienes to mono-olefins. Current sulfuric acid prices give considerable justification for adding these facilities in cases where severe cracking conditions are enqiloyed. 

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