Ullmann-Jourdan reaction

The cyclodehydration of 2-arylaminobenzoic acids, which are readily available from anilines and 2-halobenzoic acids by the Jourdan-Ullmann reaction, involving formation of the bond y to the hetero-atom (C-9 - C-9a), is the most versatile and important route to 9-acridones and it continues to attract attention. 

SCHEME 1. Radical mechanism for the Jourdan-Ullmann reaction. 

Other references related to the Jourdan-Ullmann reaction are cited in the literature. 

When the synthesis of the appropriately substituted anthranilic acid cannot be achieved by the usual Jourdan-Ullmann method, the reaction of an aniline with diphenyliodonium carboxylate in the presence of... 

Even though the Jourdan-Ullmann condensation has been known for more than a century, the mechanism is still not quite clear. On the one hand, the reaction may proceed via a free-radical mechanism, pertaining to the reductive dehalogenation of aryl halides and the acceleration of the reaction rate by ultraviolet irradiation, as outlined in Scheme 1. On the other hand, the reaction may involve halonium and proceed as a simple aromatic nucleophilic substitution, as displayed in Scheme 2. However, for the reaction of 6>-halobenzoic acid, it is believed that the copper ion coordinates with both carboxyl and... 

Both ultrasound and microwave have been applied to accelerate the reaction the Jourdan-Ullmann condensation under microwave irradiation can be carried out in... 

Nucleophilic substitution of a 2-nitrophenyl halide with an aniline affords the corresponding 2-nitrodiphenylamine. The reaction conditions depend on the substitution pattern on the reagents and include normal base catalysis or additional activation by copper metal, often referred to as Jourdan— Ullmann conditions (K2CO3, copper-bronze, neat or... 

---