Johnson, Carroll

Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002 288 1728-1732. 

The Claisen rearrangement, discovered in 1912, has proven to be a powerful tool for the stereoselective generation of C—C bonds69. It is widely employed in complex multistep syntheses (see, for example, References 86-89) and has inspired many variations, including the Carroll (1940), Eschenmoser (1964), Johnson (1970), Ireland (1972) and Reformatsky-Claisen (1973) reactions69. 

Abraham. S., Johnson, C. L. and Carroll, M. D. 1977. A comparison of levels of serum cholesterol of adults 18-74 years of age in the United States in 1960-62 and 1971-74. Advance data No. 5. Vital and Health Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md. 

Another successful approach to replacing the benzhydryl stereocenter has been to synthesize and evaluate diarylamines with pendant basic amines. A simple transposition of the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the benzhydryl-piperazine leads to diarylaminopiperidine delta opioid agonists, as Carroll and coworkers at the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) demonstrated [30]. Scientists at AstraZeneca [31] and the R.W. Johnson Research Institute [32] have also disclosed delta opioid agonists possessing the carbon-nitrogen transposition. Boyd and coworkers at R.W. Johnson were the first to report on compounds where the aminopiperidine was further constrained as an aminotropane. Compound 47 has a K = 0.4 nM at the delta opioid receptor, with 14000-fold selectivity versus the mu opioid receptor (Fig. 8). 

Carroll CD, Patel H, Johnson TO, Guo T, Orlowski M, He ZM, Cavallaro CM, Guo J, Oskman A, Gluzman IY, Connelly J, Chelsky D, Goldberg DE, Dolle RE, Identification of potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparium plasmepsin II from an encoded statine combinatorial library, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Leu., 8 2315-2320, 1998. 

E. Carroll made the BET measurements of surface area and R. E. Johnson and G. Hughes the electrokinetic measurements. Oral R. Van Buskirk directed most of the spray drying experiments. H. J. McQueston, W. B. Hambleton, Jr., R. E. Polini, J. Watson, P. W. Johnston, Jr., and D. Nickerson assisted in the experimental work. 

Whereas Eschenmoser and Johnson variants of the Claisen rearrangement utilize an excess of amide acetal and orthoester precursors, respectively, for generation of the vinyl ether functionality, the Carroll... 

Assimilated from the detailed reviews of Johnson et al (1993) and Wallace and Anderson (2000). See also Signorelli and Carroll... 

Related reactions Carroll rearrangement, Claisen-lreland rearrangement, Eschenmoser-Claisen rearrangement, Johnson-Claisen rearrangement ... 

---