Java citronella

Semmler and Spornitz have isolated a sesquiterpene from Java citronella oil, which they have named sesquicitronellene. It has the following characters —... 

H. J. Prins has now isolated the two isomeric citronellals from Java citronella oil (see under citronellal). 

Citronellal prepared from Java citronella oil is laevo-rotatory to the extent of about - 3°. 

One gram of Ceylon citronella oil or 0 5 grams of Java citronella oil is mixed with 10 c.c. of a freshly prepared 2 per cent, alcoholic solution of redistilled phenylhydrazine and allowed to stand for one to one and a half hours in a flask of about 50 c.c. capacity closed with a glass stopper. Twenty c.c. of decinormal hydrochloric acid is then added, thoroughly... 

The odor quality and strength of the two citronellol enantiomers were found to be different.The (35)(—)-enantiomer (Rhodinol) possesses a much finer rose odor than the (3i )(+)-enantiomer. (35)(-)-Citronellol has a sweat, peach-like flavor, while (3i )(- -)-citronellol has a bitter taste. (35 )(—)-Citronellol has been found in a number of geranium and rose oils. (3i )(+)-Citronellol occurs in the oils of Ceylon and Java citronella, Cymhopogon winttrianusff Boronia citriodora. Eucalyptus citriodoraff geranium, Spanish verbena and others. Because of the... 

Isolation from Essential Oils. Geraniol is isolated from citronella oils and from palmarosa oil. Fractional distillation of, for example, Java citronella oil (if necessary after saponification of the esters present) yields a fraction containing ca. 60% geraniol, as well as citronellol and sesquiterpenes. 

Synthesis of (+)- and ( )-Citronellol from the Citronellal Fraction of Essential Oils. (+)-Citronellal is obtained by distillation of Java citronella oil and is hydrogenated to (+)-citronellol in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., Raney nickel). Similarly, (zb)-citronellol is prepared from the ( )-citronellal fraction of Eucalyptus citriodora oil. 

At Geneva, N. Y., several hundred compounds have been tested as candidate attractants for the European chafer [Amphimallon majalis (Raz.)], a serious pest of turf. The best compound was butyl sorbate this was produced commercially and used for the first time in 1962. Although it is not much superior to the Java citronella oil-eugenol standard bait previously used (96)/it has the advantage that it does not attract the Japanese beetle. With the old bait, Japanese beetles clogged the traps. Homologs of butyl sorbate are active. 

Derivation From citronellal (Java citronella or Eucalyptus citriodora). 

Java citronella oil (2) resembles official melissa oil 1 in its chromatographic picture, but has a higher content of citronellal (Tl) and gcraniol (R, -- 0.2). 

Munsi, P.S. and Mukherjee, S.K., 1986. Response of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.) to harvesting intervals with different nitrogen levels. ActaHort., 188 225-229. 

Isol. from Java citronella oil, from Litsea turfosa, Ocotea cymbanum, Virola carinata and Nectandra polita. Tablets (EtOH). Mp 106°. 

In the determination of acetylisable constituents in Java citronella oil it is necessary to use considerable excess of acetic anhydride. Durrans prefers the following quantities and conditions —... 

Java citronella oil owes its odour principally to citronellal with geraniol and some citronellal. Traces of methyl-eugenol, about 1 per cent, (as against 7 or 8 per cent, in Ceylon oil), are present, and about 0 2 per cent, of citral. A sesquiterpene, isolated by Semmler and Spornitz, and termed by them sesquidtronellene, is also present. This body has the following characters —... 

Furukawa finds eugenol and probably chavicol, and traces of citronellic acid in Java citronella oil. 

Cymbopogon nardus (citronella) and C. winterianus (Java citronella) are both perennial... 

Both Ceylon and Java citronella oils contain citroneUal, citroneUol, and geraniol and as the major components, with the Java type... 

Other constituents include esters (acetates, propionates, etc.) of geraniol, citronellol, and linalool monoterpenes (limonene, pinene, camphene, etc.) sesquiterpenes and alcohols (bourbonene, caryophyllene, elemol, famesol, etc.) phenols (eugenol, methyl eugenol, etc.) and free acids, among others. Java citronella oil contains higher amounts of sesquiterpenes, while the Ceylon type contains much larger amounts of monoterpenes (arctander list... 

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