Japanese Cooperating Organizations Japan

Agency of Industrial Science Technology/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science Technology 

The AIST was created by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in 1948. Its main activities involve planning industrial S T policies and national R D projects, conducting R D in AIST laboratories, promotion of R D in the private sector, promoting international cooperation and developing national standardization policies. By 1995, AIST had accumulated 10888 patents, from which 1666 were foreign patents. 

In a patent on biological desulfurization [100] of petroleum/coal, only the use of whole cell biocatalysts was claimed. The biocatalysts included microorganisms belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Enterobacter, Aeromonas, Bacillus or Corynebacterium. The desulfurization pathway (sulfur-specific vs. destructive) was not specified. The Japanese patents No. JP2071936C and JP7103379B seem to be equivalent patents. 

A two phase process, in which the feedstock (e.g., petroleum) was mixed with water and an organic solvent to improve denitrogenation of aromatic nitrogen compounds [102], led to an improvement of the process. Additionally, a surfactant was used to increase the interfacial area. Carbazole and quinoline and their alkyl derivatives were used as primary compounds for demonstration. The biocatalyst is used in resting stage and is continuously fed to the system to keep the reaction rate at an acceptable level. It was observed that quinoline was hardly removed under the conditions at which carbazole was decomposed and assimilated. 

The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science Technology (NIAIST) began operations on April 1, 2001. The NIAIST included the Weights and Measures Training Institute in addition to the 15 other institutions already existing within AIST. The NIAIST is Japan s largest public research organization. 

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We are pleased to present the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the DV-Xa Method, which was organized jointly by the Korean Industrial-Academic Cooperation Symposium and the 19th DV-Xa Japanese Annual Meeting. Further details about this conference are described in the Foreword of this volume by the co-chairs of the conference, two very distinguished and renowned professors from Korea and Japan. 

The establishment of reference standards is adopted at the suggestion of the related panels after due consideration of the opinion of the NIHS, which is directly responsible for establishing those reference standards in cooperation with the Society of Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The Society of Japanese Pharmacopeia (Shibuya 2-12-19, Shibuya, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan) is a non-profit private organization that carries out activities in support of MHW administration and regulation of pharmaceuticals. The Society plays several roles and, in particular, makes reference standards available including a part of the pharmacopeial reference standards. It also distributes Pharmacopeia and related informative documents, such as the JP Forum, and convenes public meetings and symposia. 

Employment policy spending as a percentage of GDP is quite modest in the United States compared to other member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Among 22 OECD countries in 1992, only Japan had a lower share of GDP devoted to employment policy. In 1992 the Japanese unemployment rate... 

In other parts of the world, reference journals were also founded In 1927, the first issue of the journal Nippon Kagaku Soran was published in Japanese. This journal has abstracted the Imown chemical literature in Japan since 1877. The Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST), which was founded 1957, took over the reference journal in 1958 for financial reasons and continued publishing it with the new title Domestic Chemistry Series of JICST Current Awareness. The rest of the world did not take very much notice of Japanese publications, now and then an article was cited in Chemisches Zen-tralblatt or Chemical Abstracts although this Japanese reference journal was essential for Japanese chemists. The number of publications, which were cited in Chemical Abstracts increased steadily (34 abstracts in 1907 109,800 in 1991), the systematic access to the Japanese chemical literature was organized after the Second World War Since 1977, the Japan Association for International Chemical Information (JAICI), a department of JICST, has cooperated with Chemical Abstracts Service and since 1980, all CA abstracts of Japanese publications have been written by JAICI. 

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