Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

Japan s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare website, http //www.mhlw.go.jp/english/ index.html. 

Figure 11.1 Annual number of deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. Derived from the armual data of Japan s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare.

Acknowledgments This work was supported, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and a grant for Research on Sensory and Communicative Disorders by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The authors thank Drs. T. Terasaki, S. Ohtsuki, M. Obinata, M. Ueda, K. Katayama, T. Kondo, and M. Tachikawa and Messrs. T. Funaki, H. Abukawa, A. Minamizono, T. Nakashima, M. Mori, K. Nagase, and Y. Ohshima for their insights and contributions to ongoing research in the authors laboratory. 

Relationships are looser in some countries. The health authority of Canada claims that the Canadian GMP guidelines of 2002 [16] have been revised in line with the PIC and the WHO guides as well as the GMP guide on APIs produced by ICH. (See below.) The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) explains that ordinance no. 3 as the legal base for GMP requirements in Japan [17] has been drawn up taking into account both the relevant paragraphs of the U.S. CFR, parts 210 and 211, as well as the WHO guide. 

In Japan, colouring agents are named as colorants. As mentioned in Section 1.2, a positive list for synthetic organic colorants was created for the first time in 1966 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW, 1966), and amended by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) in 1972 and 2003. As mentioned in Section 4.1, Japan uses alternate INCI names for colouring agents in the cosmetics marketed in Japan. These Japanese names differ from the U.S. and EU names. 

Ministry of Efealth, Labor, and Welfare, Japan (MEfLW) The unit responsible for the improvement and promotion of social welfare, social security, and public health is the Pharmaceutical Affairs bureau of the ministry. It is one of the nine bureaus within the Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Division and is responsible for review and licensing of all medicinal products and cosmetics. In Japan, it acts as the focal point for ICH activities. Technical advice on ICH matters is obtained through MHLW s regulatory expert groups. 

---