Jablonski energy diagram

Jablonski energy diagram of biacetyl (adapted from Dubois and Wilkin-... 

Figure 5.4. Jablonski energy diagram a) of benzophenone and b) of I-chloronaph-thalene (by permission from Turro, 1978).

Benzene oxide-oxepin equilibrium, 326-27 Benzbydrol, 397 Benzocyclobutene, 3S0, 433 Benzonorbonadienes. substituted. 437 Benzophenone.267-68. 407, 424, 467 Jablonski diagram, 232 oxciane formation, 407, 424 phoioreduction, 397-98,467 as sensitizer, 294, 367, 407 substituted. 32 Benzopinacol, 397 Benzoyloxy chromophore, 134 Benzvaiene, 264-63, 302,448-31 Benzyl anion and cation, 171 Benzyl radical, 102 Biacctyl, 266. 291, 423,469 Jablonski energy diagram, 231 9,9 -Bianthryl, 48... 

Fig.1 The Jablonski energy diagram of the fluorescence phenomenon. The dotted line illustrates the excitation of the fluorochrome molecule, the solid line represents the vibrational relaxation of the excited fluorochrome molecule, and the dashed line shows the emission of light with longer wavelength...

Flg.l The Jablonski energy diagram for typical PSP/PSMF. S and T show singlet and triplet, respectively. 

Fig. 2 Jablonski energy level diagram illustrating possible transitions, where solid lines represent absorption processes and dotted lines represent scattering processes. Key A, IR absorption B, near-IR absorption of an overtone C, Rayleigh scattering D, Stokes Raman transition and E, anti-Stokes Raman transition. S0 is the singlet ground state, S, the lowest singlet excited state, and v represents vibrational energy levels within each electronic state.

In 1935, after studying the luminescence of various colorants, Jablonski suggested the electronic energy diagram of the singlet and triplet states to explain the luminescence processes of excitation and emission. The proposed diagram of molecular electronic energy levels formed the basis of the theoretical interpretation of all luminescent phenomena [21],... 

Figure 1.2. Jablonski energy level diagram showing the singlet state and the triplet state with its zero-field splittings for a planar aromatic chromophore.

Lennard-Jones potential energy diagram, JABLONSKI DIAGRAM Leucine,... 

Figure 12.1—Energy diagram comparing fluorescence and phosphorescence. Short arrows correspond to internal conversion without the emission of photons. Fluorescence is an energy transfer between states of the same multiplicity (spin state) while phosphorescence is between states of diiferent multiplicity. The situation is more complex than that shown by this Jablonski diagram.

Light absorbed by an atom or molecule excites it from the initial ground (or excited) state to a higher-energy excited state for low-intensity light, this occurs, provided that the various applicable quantum rules for the transition are satisfied (electric-dipole "allowed" transitions). If quantum rules "forbid" a transition, then the transition is either absent ("strongly forbidden transition") or very weak ("weakly allowed transition"). The "Jablonski"110 diagram (Fig. 3.16) depicts various forms of absorption and emission from... 

Fig. 3. Jablonski energy-level diagram typical for chromophores involved in ONP processes (specifically for pentacene in naphthalene, after Ref. [39]), showing the respective roles of optical excitation, ISC, OEP, electron-nuclear polarization transfer (here driven by mw radiation), and subsequent decay to the diamagnetic ground state. The relative populations of the triplet magnetic sublevels are given at the far right (assuming the crystal is oriented such that the long molecular axis of pentacene is parallel to the external magnetic field ).

FIGURE 3.17 Jablonski (energy-level) diagram for a closed-shell molecule. Solid line transitions that occnr with absorption or emission of radiation dashed line radiationless transitions. 

Figure 11.2 Energy diagram comparingfluorescenceandphosphorescence.Theshoitaxiowscoue-spond to mechanisms of internal conversion without emission ofphotons. The fluorescence results from transfers between states of the same multiplicity (same spin state) while the phosphorescence results from transfers between states of different multiplicity. The state Tj produces a delay in the return to the fundamental state, which can last several hours. The Stokes shift corresponds to the energy dissipated in the form of heat (vibrational relaxation) during the lifetime of the excited state, prior to photon emission. The real situation is more complex than this simplified Jablonski diagram suggests. To our scale, a compound can be both fluorescent and phosphorescent for, at the molecular scale individual species do not all exhibit the same behaviour.

Figure 19. Jablonski-type diagram for the lower energy LF states of a C4 Rh1" complex showing reactive, radiative, and nonradiative deactivation from the lowest energy triplet state.

Figure 4.4 Jablonski-type energy diagrams for possible excited energy states when light interacts with matter, (a) Three possible transition pathways for return to ground state without radiation, (b) Two possible transition pathways with fluorescent light emission as final step on return to ground state, (c) Two possible transition pathways with phosphorescent light emission as final step on return to ground state.

Fig. 3. Jablonski energy level diagram. The donor is excited and rapidly drops to the lowest vibrational level of the excited state, where it can radiatively (primarily via fluorescence) or nonradiatively decay to the group state, or transfer energy to the acceptor. Only those levels of the donor and acceptor with similar energies contribute significantly to the transfer rate. Once the acceptor is excited, rapid vibrational relaxation prevents back transfer. The acceptor then decays to the ground state via fluorescence or heat.

FIG. 3 Jablonski energy level diagram for a regular porphyrin, illustrating the photophysical... 

Figure 11.6. Jablonsky energy level diagram of porphyrins and chlorins. Characteristic rate constants for various radiative and non-radiative relaxations are also indicated.

Figure 4.3 Jablonski type diagram showing the simplified energy-level arrangement for a donor-acceptor FRET pair. Intersystem crossing has been ignored, triplet states of both molecules have been omitted and the possibility of direct radiative excitation of the acceptor is neglected.

Figure 4.10 Singlet and triplet excited states. Jablonski energy-state diagram (schematic) a, absorption b, fluorescence c, non-radiational deactivation d, phosphorescence. For a more detailed version, see Figure 4.11, Section 4.4.2.1.

State energy diagrams of this type, called Jablonski diagrams , are used for the description of light absorption and of the photophysical processes that follow light excitation (vide infra) [1]. 

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