State Energy Diagrams

Fig. 10 Energy state diagram showing important photophysical processes following excitation of the luminescent probe...

Figure 8.1 Energy state diagram for benzophenone and acetonaphthone.

Figure 3 Energy state diagram of the reactions between DPA and either DPA"1" or TMPD-1" yielding emission from DPA. The solid arrow shows the S route for the DPA—/DPA+ process and the dashed arrow shows the T route for the DPA /TMPD 1" process. Note that the T route is also possible for DPA /DPA+ and that promotion from 3DPA to DPA requires a second triplet, whereas neither 3TMPD nor 3TMPD are accessible by DPA- /TMPD 1".

Figure 1. Energy-state diagram indicating the various radiative and quenching processes for the case of saturated laser excitation to the Na( P /t) level, together with the chemical coupling to NaOH and NaH by reactions with HtO and Ht,...

Figure 2. Corresponding energy-state diagram for lithium. However, this differs owing to the simultaneous excitation and monitoring of both the 2Pj/, i/ levels because of their slight separation.

Fig. 1. Electronic energy state diagram showing typical unimolecular rate constants in sec.-1 for radiative and nonradiative transitions (continuous and broken lines, respectively) for an organic molecule with lower - states. (Values in brackets refer to molecules with lower ir -n states.)...

Fig. 9. A schematic energy state diagram for the intermolecular proton transfer in excited 2,...

Three models for the isomerization of an alkene upon direct excitation (a) a simplified model based on an energy-state diagram, (b) a two-dimensional drawing modeled on Figure 12.26, and (c) a three-dimensional model incorporating a conical intersection. (Adapted from reference 118.)... 

The most fundamental way of making this prediction is to construct an electronic energy-state diagram for the reactant and product molecule and observe the correlation between the states. Those reactions will be permitted in which the reacting state correlates with a state of the product that is not appreciably higher in energy. ... 

On the other hand, the excited energy state diagrams of porphyrins with transition metals are rather complicated when the d orbitals of metal intervene between the n and n orbitals of the porphyrin system. The d d, n d, and d tf states are drawn over the normal porphyrin itstate. The relative positioning is complicatedly dependent on metal atoms, substituents, and axial ligands. Extended Huckel (EH) MO calculation has suggested that the lowest excited states should have a d d nature for Ni" [32-34], Co [36,37] n d... 

One way of making this prediction is to construct an electronic energy state diagram for the reactant and product molecules and observe the correlation between the states. Those reactions will be permitted in which the reacting state correlates with a state of the product that is not appreciably higher in energy". The states involved in the photochemical butadiene-to-cyclobutene conversion are 2> 4 ij/ for the first excited state of butadiene and <7, n, and n for cyclobutene. The appropriate elements of symmetry are the plane of symmetry for the disrotatory process and the axis of symmetry for the conrotatory process. The correlation diagram for this reaction is shown in Fig. 13.4. 

Figure 4.10 Singlet and triplet excited states. Jablonski energy-state diagram (schematic) a, absorption b, fluorescence c, non-radiational deactivation d, phosphorescence. For a more detailed version, see Figure 4.11, Section 4.4.2.1.

Figure 4.12 Some examples of actual energy diagrams, (a) Energy-state diagram for 1-chloronaphthalene at 77 K. At 25 °C, 10 s . (b) Energy-state diagram for benzophenone at 77 K. From N.J. Turro, Ref. [l,b,...

Electron Energy Transitions This energy-state diagram for a hydrogen atom shows some of the energy transitions for the Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen spectral series. Bohr s model of the atom accounted mathematically for the energy of each of the transitions shown. 

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