IUPAC rules of nomenclature

As we cover new functional groups in later chapters, the applicable IUPAC rules of nomenclature will be given. In addition, Appendix A at the back of this book gives an overall view of organic nomenclature and shows how compounds that contain more than one functional group are named. For the present, let s see how to name branched-chain alkanes and learn some general naming rules that are applicable to all compounds. 

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2n. -2- They contain no functional groups, are relatively inert, and can be either straight-chain (normal) or branched. Alkanes are named by a series of IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. More specifically, compounds such as butane and isobutane, which differ in their connections between atoms, are called constitutional isomers. 

The nomenclature for this homologous series is somewhat confused. The term PANs has been used historically to denote peroxyacyl nitrates, and this terminology continues to be used extensively in the literature, despite the lack of adherence to traditional IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Because the PANs can be considered to be mixed anhydrides of carboxylic acids and nitric acid, another suggestion (Roberts, 1990) has been peroxyacetic nitric anhydride for CH,C(0)00NO2 and peroxy carboxylic nitric anhydrides for the whole class of compounds. Although it does not follow the IUPAC rules, it would be consistent with the widespread use of the name PAN but also reflect the structure more accurately. Table 6.20 shows the structures and commonly used names of some PANs that have been observed in the atmosphere and/or in laboratory studies. 

The prefix selenopheno is used to denote selenophene fusion in this chapter, following the greater part of the literature in the field. Chemical Abstracts and the IUPAC Rules of Nomenclature prefer the (possibly confusing) form selenolo. [Editors.]... 

B is correct. The following IUPAC rules of nomenclature must be used to name an alkane ... 

Like other known (macro)molecules (e.g. molecular knots [41], catenanes, rotax-anes [42]), dendritic molecules can be named in accordance with the IUPAC Rules of Nomenclature. However, these rules are not always sufficiently comprehensive to adequately, unequivocally, and clearly name such complex structures as dendritic molecules [43]. 

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