Italy allocation

Turning to the substance of the assessment the Commission required changes mainly with regard to three aspects the total cap, the installations listed in the plan and the intention to adjust allocations ex post. Table 2.2 provides summary information on the plans as approved by the Commission and indicates which plans were approved with a lower than proposed total cap and after the removal of ex-post adjustments. The plans of France, Italy and Spain were only approved on condition of or after more installations than listed in the initially notified plan were included in the trading scheme. 

Table 9.2 Allocation criteria for existing plants in Italy...

Experiences from the Italian NAP development process appear to confirm the theoretical finding that initial allocation is mainly a question of equity and policy-setting rather than economic efficiency. As in the case of the electricity sector in Italy, exceptions may occur in the presence of market power. In such cases, allocation can not only affect barriers to entry and potential price impacts, but also the achievement... 

Mosteo AR, Montano L (2007) Comparative experiments on optimization criteria and algorithms for auction based multi-robot task allocation. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Roma, Italy, pp 3345-3350... 

The third user is a new virtual Bank set up recently by one of the major Banks in Northern Italy with the widest country-wide reach. The web-based system has been adopted as part of their core-business and is an integral part of the services offered by this virtual bank. The Bank is completely independent from the Northern Italian bank and is, in a sense, competitor to the parent company. The view adopted by the new bank is that virtual banking should not focus only on the electronic provision of traditional banking services — deposits, credit cards, account payments etc.— but must offer new services in a seamless environment. The web-based personal asset allocation system provides a service not offered by most retail Banks which integrates naturally with the core business of electronic banking. The Bank uses the web-based system at the basic level offering one more service to its clients. In doing so it must be noted that it competes with the parent company. 

In making current determinations of allocation of crude sulfur the exports of manufactured sulfur from the Kingdom of Italy shall first be deducted from the share of the Ufficio and similarly the exports of manufactured sulfur from the United States shall first be deducted from the share of the Export Corporation. 

Unfortunately, chemical research is largely underfunded. Two examples taken from our own coimtry, but certainly representative of a general situation, will suffice to demonstrate this issue (i) the sum spent to buy twelve Harrier vertical-landing bombers for the Italian Navy is as much as four times the sum spent in 1991 by all the Italian public research agencies (MURST, CNR, ENEA, ISS, etc.) to finance chemical research (ii) the subdivision of the 1991 budget for scientific research in Italy was as follows space 23%, physics 18%, chemistry 4%. These two examples, of course, show where changes should be made in the allocation of financial resources. 

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