Issuing agent

When a quinaldinium salt and 2-unsubstituted thiazolium are condensed together in the presence of a basic agent, the resulting bis-(methylquinoline-2)trimethine cyanine is issued from the cleavage of the thiazolium ring of the anhydrobase (25). It is induced by the -CHj attack of quinaldinium according to a process already described (Scheme 28). 

In the area of municipal and iadustrial wastewater treatment, the principal environmental issue is the toxicity of residual flocculating agents ia the effluent. Laboratory studies have shown that cationic polymers are toxic to fish because of the iateraction of these polymers with giU. membranes. Nonionic and anionic polymers show no toxicity (82,83). Other studies have shown that ia natural systems the suspended inorganic matter and humic substances substantially reduce the toxicity of added cationic polymer, and the polymers have been used successfully ia fish hatcheries (84—86). Based on these results, the EPA has added a protocol for testing these polymers for toxicity toward fish ia the presence of humic acids (87). The addition of anionic polymers to effluent streams containing cationic polymers to reduce their toxicity has been mentioned ia the patent Hterature (83). 

Despite dramatic advances in the treatment of several human malignancies including Hodgkin s lymphomas and leukemias, dmg resistance remains a pressing issue in cancer chemotherapy. Acquired or induced dmg resistance afflicts practically all classes of cancer agents. It usually is manifested clinically... 

Venustatriol, a marine-derived antiviral agent, as with many polyether structures, is a straightforward problem for retrosynthetic analysis. The major issues, clearance of stereocenters and topologically strategic disconnection, were readily resolved to generate the pathway of synthesis described below. 

The essence of a plant engineering contract will be that the plant actually performs to the criteria laid down in the design, and this must be established before a Practical Completion Certificate is even considered. Tests will need to be made to the plant, and then it will be commissioned by the contractor and left in a condition whereby it can be operated as specified. When the work within the contract is complete, a certificate should be issued by the client (or employer) to the contractor. The architect or consulting engineer acting as agent normally performs this duty. 

Corrosion resistance The corrosion resistance of a copper deposit varies with the conditions under which it is deposited and may be influenced by co-deposited addition agents (see, for example, Raub ). Copper is, however, plated as a protective coating only in specialised applications, and the chief interest lies in its behaviour as an undercoating for nickel-chromium on steel and on zinc-base alloy. Its value for this purpose has long been a controversial issue. 

The payoff of an agent-based approach is a radically new way of looking at fundamental issues of land combat. Models such as these are emphatically not to be used for prediction rather they are best used to enhance understanding. Specifically, agent-based models of combat are designed to help military theorists... 

Early reports focused on the dithiobenzoale RAFT agents (Z=Ph e.g. 171-180, Table 9.10).3S2 410 Cumyl dithiobenzoate (175) shows utility with S and (meth)acrylic monomers.38 However, retardation is an issue with the acrylates... 

The thiocarbonylthio group can be transformed post-polymerization in a variety of ways to produce end-functional polymers or it can be removed. The presence of the thiocarbonylthio groups also means that the polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization are usually colored and they possess a labile end group that may decompose to produce sometimes odorous byproducts. Even though the color and other issues may be modified by appropriate selection of the initial RAFT agent, these issues have provided further incentive to develop effective methods for treatment of RAFT-synthesized polymer to transform the thiocarbonylthio groups post-polymerization. 

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