Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis

The data (Table II) for the percent residue at 500°C under isothermal thermogravimetric analysis also show reasonable agreement with the data for the residue from the experiments in the FMRC Small-Scale Flammability Apparatus where large-scale fire conditions are simulated. Thus, the TG analysis for flammability assessment of FRC materials may be more useful than previously considered. 

For applications requiring high temperature and extraction resistance, polymeric esters are used (88). New polymeric plasticisers are in development (87) including adipate based for improved low temperature properties (103). Plastisols based on propyleneglycol adipate have been examined (198) and the thermal degradation has been determined using dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (188). 

The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The procedures and experimental conditions have been detailed elsewhere [9]. 

A Perkin-Elmer TGA-7 instrument calibrated by Curie points of several metal standards has been employed for non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The measurements were carried out at a desired heating rate (in the range of 3 - 40 K/min) in both inert (argon) and oxidizing (oxygen) atmospheres, as appropriate. 

Thermal characteristics of encapsulates are important, especially for aroma active compounds, from the viewpoint of their release in thermally processed food. In one of the recent publications, the thermal release of vanillin encapsulated in Carnauba wax microcapsules was studied by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at a temperature range of 170°C-210°C. Kinetic studies revealed that the release is not a single-step reaction but a complex kinetic process that can satisfactorily be described by the Avrami-Erofe ev kinetic model A3. More importantly, thermal release of vanillin encapsulated into Carnauba wax proceeded with an activation energy lower than 40 kJ moL, indicating that the Carnauba wax microcapsules release vanillin relatively easily and thus suggesting that the Carnauba wax can be suitably used as a carrier for aromas especially in the food industry. 

In this study, non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis was quite helpful in following thermal degradation of cellulose ethers and esters and also for understanding how the metal chelation affected the thermal stability of cellulose ethers and cellulose ester [14,17]. 

Figure 6.4 Isothermal thermogravimetrical analysis In the magnetic suspension balance at HV (about 10" Pa) with [EMIM][MeS03] (ISB C, fip(, = 4mm) and [EMIMHNTfj] (104°C, lip0 = 3.5 mm). The dashed lines...

Seeberger, A., Andresen, A.K., and Jess, A. (2009) Prediction of long-term stability of ionic liquids at elevated temperatures by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetrical analysis. Phys. 

Figure 6 Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of polyphenylquinoxaline 15 in flowing air in the temperature range 250-550°C.

Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis Iso-thermal long-term differential thermal analysis Isotactic polypropylene(s)... 

Saccani A, Motor A, Montanari GC. Short-term thermal endurance evaluation of thermoplastic polyesters by isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. / Appl Polym Sci 2005 98(5) 968-973. 

Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis to Study Oxidation Kinetics of Polypropylene... 

---