Isoleudne

Auxotrophic mutants are used in the production of end products of branched pathways, ie pathways leading to more than one amino add at the same time. This is the case for L-lysine, L-methicmine, L-threonine and L-isoleudne in Brevibacterium flavum and Corynebacterium glutamicum. 

Sowden et al. [4] also did detailed amino acid and amino sugar analyses of the soils from the different dimatic regions. The following amino acids were determined acidic amino acids aspartic and glutamic acids basic amino acids arginine, histidine, lysine and ornithine neutral amino adds, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine, alanine, valine, leudne, isoleudne, serine, threonine, proline and hydroxyproline ... 

Valine, methionine, isoleucine, and threonine are all metabolized through the propionic acid pathway (also used for odd-carbon fatty acids). Defidency of either enzyme results in neonatal ketoacidosis from failure to metabolize ketoacids produced from these four amino adds. The defidendes may be distinguished based on whether meth)dmalonic adduria is present. A diet low in protein or a semisynthetic diet with low amounts of valine, methionine, isoleudne, and threonine is used to treat both deficiencies. 

Planta Medica, 43, 272—279 (Since valine serves as a precursor of leucine, capsaidnoids from the iso-series are derived (or derivable) from valine, and those of the anteiso series form isoleudne. In the light of its hiogenetic derivation, the configuration of the stereogenic centre of homocapsaicin II should he (S). 

The structure of Cypridina luciferin was established by analysis of spectroscopic data, chemical degradations, extensive MS analysis, and total synthesis [41—44]. Cypridina luciferin is biosynthesized from L-tryptophan, L-arginine, and L-isoleudne [45,46]. Distomadines A (24) and B (25) have been isolated from the asddian Pseudodistoma aureum and were not adive in antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-mycobacterial bioassays [47]. 

Isoleudne has the most lipophilic sick chain and ai ininc has (he most hydrophilic side chAin. 

Isoleudne has the most lipophilic side chain and arginine has the most hydrophilic side chain. 

Amino adds are metabolized by a transamination reaction in which the -NHj group of the amino add changes places with the keto group of an o-keto acid. The products are a new amino add and a new a-keto acid- Show the product from transamination of isoleudne. (See Section 29.6.1... 

The essential amino adds (histidine, isoleudne, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine) are required in the diet. Arginine and increased amounts of histidine are required dining periods of growth. 

Ninhydrinr-Collidine-Ethanolic Potassium Hydroxide Reagent (S54)—(Leudne/Isoleudne/etc.)... 

Valine, isoleudne methionine, threonine, cholesterol side chain, odd-chain fatty acids... 

FIGURE 2 Electron density of D-isoleudne hydrochloride monohydnte projected down the xis. (a) Phases calculated with the incorrect structure (b) phases calculated with the correct structure. From Trommel and Bijvoet. 1... 

Betaine is a fermented strain of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans with the production of trimethylamine and acetate (Heijthuijsen and Hansen 1989b), and the same products are formed by Clostridium sporogenes in a Stickland reaction with alanine, valine, leucine, or isoleudne (Naumann et al. 1983). 

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