Isolation pharmacological action

Pharmacological Action. As already pointed out, cularine shows some resemblance to papaverine and hydrastine in action (p. 196). The M.L.D. (mgm./kilo.) for mice by intravenous injection of ochotensine is 10-6 i 0-54 so that it seems to be the most toxic of the fifteen corydalis alkaloids examined by Anderson and Chen, who also state that it stimulates isolated guinea-pig or rabbit uterus, inhibits isolated rabbit-intestine and induces a fall in blood pressure on intravenous injection in etherised cats. 

From S. tuberosa, Loureiro, Lobstein and Grumbach obtained stemonine, C H3304N, m.p. 160 , [a]D 4- 76-5 , which gives pyrrole reactions and whose pharmacological action is described. (For another stemonine see p. 765.) Suzuki s investigation of the same plant led to a different result, the isolation of the alkaloid tuberostemonine. 

Slavik (380) was the first to isolate mecambroline (1,2-methylene-dioxy-10-hydroxyaporphine) from Meconopsis cambrica. It has hypotensive effects upon mice and rabbits (393). The question of the structure-activity relationships between the pharmacological actions of this alkaloid and aporheine has been discussed (393). 

Even though much is already known about the toxicity of diterpene alkaloids that contribute to the toxicity of Consolida, Delphinium, and Aconitium species, no antiviral study has been so far reported on this type of alkaloids. Therefore, no SAR studies have been encountered by us on the antiviral or antimicrobial activities of these alkaloids. However, a quantitative SAR analysis performed on a number of diterpene alkaloids isolated from an Aconitum sp. indicated that biological activity of these alkaloids may be related to their toxicity rather than to a specific pharmacological action [40]. In a current study on 43 norditerpenoid alkaloids from Consolida, Delphinium, and Aconitum species against several tumor cell lines, lycoctonine and browniine were... 

ABSTRACT The concept "Diet and Medicine from the Same Source" has been described in old Chinese medical books. Based on die above classic concept, we have been using biochemical and pharmacological approaches to study natural products (e.g. flavonoids, saponins, tannins etc.) isolated from various medicinal plants and foodstuffs for 20 years. In the present review, we will introduce the biological and pharmacological actions of various components isolated from some medicinal plants and foodstuffs. 

In 1888, Hooper first investigated the pharmacological action of an extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees containing compound 184. In 1925, Ghose and Sen isolated this component and named it vasicine. In 1934, Spath and Nikawitz isolated an alkaloid from Peganum harmala and named it pe-ganine, but soon afterward Sp th and Kuffner showed it to be identical with vasicine. This alkaloid (184) was found not only in Adhatoda... 

Despite years of study, not until 1964 was the principal psychoactive agent in cannabis isolated. This substance has been labeled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol but is more commonly known as A-9-THC, or simply THC. The THC compound w as first reported by Gaoni and Mechoulam (1964), two researchers w orking in Israel. Research since 1964 has shown that the A-9-THC cannabinoid accounts for the vast majority of the known specific pharmacological actions of marijuana. Although THC is the prime psychoactive agent in cannabis, other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and cannabinol, can be biologically active and can modify THC effects. However, they tend not to be psychoactive in and of themselves. 

Papaverine Hydrochloride, USP. Papaverine hydrochloride. 6.7-dimelhoxy-l-veratryliso< uinoline hydrochloride. was isolated by Merck in 1848 from opium, in which it occurs to the extent of about Although its natural origin is closely related to morphine, the pharmacological actions of papaverine hydrochloride are unlike those of morphine. Its main effect is as a spasmolytic on smooth muscle, acting as a direct, nonspecific relaxant on vascular, cardiac, and other smooth muscle. Because of its broad antispas-modic action on ACh muscarinic receptors, it is often called a nonspecific antagonist. Papaverine hydrochloride has been used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders, but its u.se is limited by lack of potency. 

Other plants have either been commented because they are in Table 1 or possibly, have been described in the item referring to the phytochemistry in this chapter, as a result of knowledge or isolation of some chemical component with a known pharmacological action already described. Those species that were not commented have not, as far as we have been able to ascertain, been the object of pharmacological studies. 

The study of fish proteins were initiated by the Swiss physiologist Miescher (1897), who first isolated the protamines from the sperm cells of various fishes as early as 1868. The relatively simple amino acid composition of these proteins and their pharmacological action have since promoted extensive researches, first of aU by Kossel and co-workers, whose important... 

From the time of Miescher and Kossel, few proteins have attracted as much interest as fish protamines. This is due to several factors their low molecular weight and simple chemical composition, their importance in the study of heredity, their use as precipitants in preparative protein chemistry, and their pharmacological action. These proteins are prepared from the cell nuclei of spermatozoa which are easily isolated from the milt (Felix et al., 1951). Herring testes have also been used recently (Felix and Krekels, 1953a). This material, however, is less favorable, for the isola-... 

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