Isocyanate synthesis

Isocyanates are important chemical feedstock for the manufacture of fertilizers, pesticides, and various forms of polyurethane (1-4). The current isocyanate synthesis process involves phosgenation of amines. 

At Shell 25I), this reaction principle was applied to a novel isocyanate synthesis ... 

Schopohl MC, Bergander K, Kataeva O, Frohlich R, Waldvogel SR (2003) Synthesis and characterization of enantiomerically pure menthylamines and their isocyanates. Synthesis 2689-2694... 

It is also significant that patents were issued on the isocyanate synthesis from HCN (6) and a particularly interesting application would thus be available to HCN if the methods cuuld be adapted to produce an economic process. HCN already constitutes an important method for methane (natural gas) valorization, but further development can be expected in this area, for example, an important solvent such as acetonitrile can be obtained directly from CH4 and HCN. This reaction is. in fact, an interesting example of hydrocarbon activation (7],... 

See also Silicon tetraisocyanate and methylsilicon isocyanates (includes silver isocyanate), synthesis 6... 

Dhar, D N, Murthy, K S M, Recent advances in the chemistry of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. Synthesis, 437-449, 1986. 

Dimethylcarbonate [DMC, (CH30)2C0] is a versatile chemical substance, which has been used mainly as a carbonylating, methylating, or methoxycarbonylating agent. It can be effectively used as an environmentally benign substitute for phosgene in polycarbonates and isocyanates synthesis, and for dimethyl sulfate in various methylation reactions. ... 

Long term, it will even be possible to manufacture many hazardous materials in plants as small as a silicon chip, using large numbers of plants on a chip in parallel to produce the quantity of material required [61, 62]. It is unlikely that the large, world-scale petrochemical plant vdll ever completely disappear. However, distributed manufacture of chemicals in small plants will become an important part of the industry, in particular for the improved safety through distributed manufacturing of hazardous chemicals. There are many relevant examples besides those cited previously of phosgene and methyl isocyanate synthesis, for example HCN [63] and aqueous peracetic acid [64] on-demand syntheses. 

Isocyanates and diisocyanates are important chemical intermediates for the pesticide, fertilizer, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries. The current process for isocyanate synthesis involves the use of highly toxic phosgene gas as follows ... 

Isocyanate synthesis from phosgene RNH2 + COCl 2 RNCO + HCl... 

Isocyanate synthesis. A convenient and general method for isocyanate synthesis is by oxidation of oxalylamines. Silver nitrate and copper(II) sulfate are cocatalysts. 

X-ray fluorescence is the most convenient technique to determine total chlorine and bromine content. Bromine may be introduced as an impurity in the phosgene used in isocyanate synthesis. 

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