Irradiated wheat

The baking properties of irradiated wheat have been evaluated and... 

Ciesla K, Eliasson AC. DSC studies of retrogradation and amylose—lipid complex transition taking place in gamma irradiated wheat starch. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res 2007 265 399-405. 

Behere, A.G., Sharma, A., Padwadesai, S.R., and Kami, G.B. (1978). Production of aflatoxins during storage of gamma-irradiated wheat. 

Bugbee, B., Salisbury, F. B. (1988). Exploring the limits of crop productivity. I. Photosynthetic efficiency of wheat in higher irradiance environments. Plant Physiol., 88, 869-878. 

Potato, com, and wheat starch was irradiated with 9 X 1014 neutrons/cm2. Neutrons cause only a weak peptonizing effect in comparison with 7-rays (2 X 106 rep) (see Table VIII). In the first case, starch becomes radioactive. Radioactive nuclei in starch are mostly phosphate isotopes and only to a very minor extent 14C. The behavior of starch of all three origins in respect to both types of irradiation is nonuniform. Generally neutron radiation does not eliminate phosphoric moieties from starch and is less destructive.77... 

The quantity of water-soluble radiodextrins is linearly dependent on both the irradiation dose and the starch origin and decreases in the following order waxy maize > maize > haricot bean > rice > manioc > bread > wheat > amylomaize > potato, as shown in Fig. 16. 

Changes that occur in starch on irradiation may influence the organoleptic and technological properties of flour. Several properties of cereals following irradiation have been studied, mainly on wheat. Generally the same compounds could be identified in irradiated cereals as in starch, but the presence of lipids, proteins, and other compounds present in cereals usually obscure estimations. Thus, for instance, the test for irradiation based on the reaction of malonaldehyde and thiobar-bituric acid is unsuitable.206... 

Leszczynska, J., Lgcka, A., Szemraj, J., Lukamowicz, J., Zegota, H. 2003b. The influence of gamma irradiation on the immunoreactivity of gliadin and wheat flour. Eur Food Res Technol 217 143-147. 

Graft Copolymers Obtained by Irradiation of Wheat Starch in Presence of Monomers. Because it is the most obvious approach, the initial studies were made on irradiation of mixtures of starch and vinyl monomers with and without additional components or treatment. 

Table I presents the results of irradiation of mixtures of wheat starch and vinyl acetate. In this series, as in the previous one, a dose of 8 Mrep was used and the grafted products were hydrolyzed in order to obtain proof of grafting. It was...

Cesium-137 has also been approved for the irradiation of certain foods. The radiation given off by the isotope kills bacteria and other organisms that cause disease. Foods irradiated by this method last longer before beginning to spoil. Wheat, flour, and potatoes are some of the foods that can be preserved by cesium-137 irradiation. 

Irradiation. Ionizing radiation for use in food systems can come from electrons, x-rays, or gamma rays from cobalt-60 or cesium-137. There is little rise in the temperature within the foodstuff, so heat destruction of nutrients is minimized. However, free radicals and peroxides are formed within the food. In the United States, irradiation is classified as a food additive and its use in the food industry has been severely restricted to such areas as prevention of potato sprouting and wheat infestation. 

Use Radiation therapy (cancer), radiographic testing of welds and castings, as a source of ions in gas-discharge devices, as the radiation source in liquid-level gauges, for locating buried telephone and electrical conduits, portable radiation units, y-irradiation for wheat and potatoes, as a research aid in studying the permeability of porous media to flow... 

The safety of food irradiation has been accepted by IAEA, FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) and WHO. It has been used for several decades without any negative health effects. More than 35 coimtries have approved some 50 different irradiated food products for unrestricted human consumption. Examples of the foods are (country, maximum dose) potatoes (Canada, 100 Gy), onions (Israel, 100 Gy), shrimp (Netherlands, 1000 Gy), fried meat in plastic bags (Soviet Union, SOOO Gy), and wheat and wheat products (USA, 500 Gy). 

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