Iron defidency

Caldum gluconate is one of the relatively few soluble caldum salts and is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a source of caldum for patients with caldum defidency. Many drugs are supplied as the gluconate derivatives. Other gluconates such as iron gluconate can be used, in this case to treat iron defidency. 

Plant roots are known to exude a fluid containing a number of amino and carboxylic acids, the amount of the exudate increasing under conditions of metal deficiency. Chlorotic plants, i.e. those suffering from iron defidency, have been found to contain more of the citric and malic acids than their normal green counterparts.21 Differences in the susceptibilities of plant species to trace metal deficiencies have indeed frequently been attributed to variations in organic acid production. 

In the presence of suffident metal ions such as zinc, phosphate defidency is known to inhibit growth and increase yields of dtric add. However, phosphate is added not only as a source of phosphorus but also as phosphoric add to addify the medium. Restricted growth but good citric add yield is also achieved by maintaining iron and zinc defidency hence low phosphate levels are not necessary. 

Wustite, FeO, is the other iron oxide which contains only divalent Fe. It is usually non-stoichiometric (O-defident). The structure is similar to that of NaCl and is based on ccp anion packing. Wustite is black. It is an important intermediate in the reduction of iron ores. 

Micronutrient deficiencies are one of the most prevalent public health problems affecting more than two billion people worldwide (UNICEF and MI 2004). The magnitude of the problem is much greater in developing countries, where multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies often occur concurrently as a result of poor quality diet. Although vitamin A, iron and iodine are the major micronutrient deficiencies in populations, deficiencies of zinc, vitamin C, folic add and other B vitamins (vitamin B2, Bg, B12 and niacin) are often present simultaneously (Huffman et al. 1999). MMN deficiencies are common throughout the lifespan, but specially in pregnant women and children. Micronutrient defidencies, if left untreated, can have considerable consequences on health and economic development (UNICEF and MI 2004). 

Extrinsic labeling has been used in several studies to assess apparent copper absorption inhumans. This includes studies to evaluate apparent copper absorption from plant- and animal-based diets [263, 264], and also the effect of ascorbic acid [265], age [146, 266, 267], copper intake [267-271], zinc intake [146], and iron supplementation [272] on copper absorption. By measuring urinary excretion of the tracer, copper retention has also been assessed from vitamin B6-defident diets [271], in pregnant women [263], in young men consuming a low copper diet [268], and for high copper intakes [270]. 

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