Iron compounds with phosphine ligands

We do not know exactly where the hydrogen binds at the active site. We would not expect it to be detectable by X-ray diffraction, even at 0.1 nm resolution. EPR (Van der Zwaan et al. 1985), ENDOR (Fan et al. 1991b) and electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) (Chapman et al. 1988) spectroscopy have detected hyperfine interactions with exchangeable hydrous in the NiC state of the [NiFe] hydrogenase, but have not so far located the hydron. It could bind to one or both metal ions, either as a hydride or H2 complex. Transition-metal chemistry provides many examples of hydrides and H2 complexes (see, for example. Bender et al. 1997). These are mostly with higher-mass elements such as osmium or ruthenium, but iron can form them too. In order to stabilize the compounds, carbonyl and phosphine ligands are commonly used (Section 6). 

The iron compound readily sublimes and yields well-formed, black lustrous crystals. The cobalt complex will also readily sublime, but dependent upon the temperature at which the crystals are formed, they can be either black or brown in color. The crystal structures of both the cobalt and iron complexes have been determined.3 The nickel complex sublimes only in small amounts with difficulty. All three complexes are unstable to air and water, and the nickel complex readily undergoes thermal decomposition above 100°C. All three compounds will also readily form complexes with a variety of donor ligands such as tertiary arsines or phosphines. The nickel compound usually forms 2 1 adducts such as [(C6HS )3P]2Ni(NO)I, while the iron and cobalt complexes often undergo disproportionation.5... 

Reaction of FeCo2(CO)9S with a series of phosphines (31, 133) and isocyanides (126) yielded mono-, di-, and trisubstituted derivatives, Eqs. (77) and (78). 57Fe-Mossbauer spectra of the phosphine-substituted derivatives indicated that substitution at cobalt occurs prior to substitution at iron (31). Unfortunately, no crystallographic evidence has been obtained for any of these derivatives, and the precise stereochemistry has not been resolved, even with the aid of l3C-NMR spectra (9). The problem is compounded with the isocyanide ligands since several isomers of the trisubstituted derivatives are formed. 

Reaction of NaBH4 with the iron complex 486 (L = phosphine ligand) leads to C—C and Fe—Fe bond formation to give compound 487. Oxidative cleavage of the intermetallic bond produces a complex (488) containing a tetrathiooxalate ligand. Sodium amalgam yields 488 directly. When L... 

A different class of iron compounds, viz. model haem complexes (Por)Fe(PMc3)(L ) (Por = substituted porphyrins), were studied by Walker et using a selective double-resonance technique in connection with isotopic enrichment of Fe. The complexes display a linear correlation between S Fe and 5 P of the phosphine ligand, and the variation of iron chemical shifts could be explained in terms of electronic d-d transition energies. 

Although additives to induce radical chemistry have allowed ligand substitutions of 18-electron complexes to be conducted under mild conditions, photochemical reactions provide a common and practical alternative. Photochemically induced dissociation of carbonyl ligands is most common, but photochemical dissociations of other dative ligands are known. Several examples are shown in Equations 5.36-5.40. These examples illustrate the dissociation of CO from homoleptic carbonyl compounds of iron - and chromium, the dissociation of CO from piano-stool carbonyl compounds, " ttie dissociation of N, and the dissociation of a carbodiimide to generate an intermediate that coordinates and cleaves the C-H bonds of alkanes. In some cases, like the formation of the two THE complexes, the products of the photochemical process are not isolated instead, they are treated in situ with a ligand, such as a phosphine, to form monosubstitution products selectively. 

For this triad, only iron (Table 4.17) gives homoleptic complexes containing (tM — C bonds. The remaining elements form heteroleptic compounds. The stability of phosphine complexes of the type M(aryl)2 (PR3)2 decreases considerably according to the series Ni>Co>Fe. Ruthenium and osmium complexes characteristically activate the C —H bond in coordinated ligands and form compounds with (tM—C bonds as a result of oxidative addition. The following reactions serve as examples ... 

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