Iron-base alloys

Iron alumimdes Iron-aluminum alloy Iron-aluminum alloys Iron-base alloys Iron blacks Iron blue... 

With cobalt historically being approximately twice the cost of nickel, cobalt-base alloys for both high temperature and corrosion service tend to be much more expensive than competitive alloys. In some cases of severe service their performance iacrease is, however, commensurate with the cost iacrease and they are a cost-effective choice. For hardfaciag or wear apphcations, cobalt alloys typically compete with iron-base alloys and are at a significant cost disadvantage. 

The resistance of a metal to erosion-corrosion is based principally on the tenacity of the coating of corrosion products it forms in the environment to which it is exposed. Zinc (brasses), aluminum (aluminum brass), and nickel (cupronickel) alloyed with copper increase the coating s tenacity. An addition of V2 to 1)4% iron to cupronickel can greatly increase its erosion-corrosion resistance for the same reason. Similarly, chromium added to iron-base alloys and molybdenum added to austenitic stainless steels will increase resistance to erosion-corrosion. 

A286 Alloy. A286 is an austenitic iron base alloy that has been used for years in aircraft engine applications. Its use for industrial gas turbines started about 1965, when technological advances made the production of sound ingots sufficient in size to produce these wheels possible. 

Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron Base Alloys, NACE, Houston, Texas, (1975)... 

Table 7.33 Corrosion rack tests of nickel- versus iron-base alloys used in waste incineration...

Parkins, R. N., from Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron Base Alloys, Edited by R. W. Staehle, J. Hochmann, R. D. McCright and J. E. Slater, NACE, Houston, p601, (1977)... 

Murato, T., Sato, E, and Okada, H.. Passivity and its Breakdown on Iron-Base Alloys, (eds H Okada ahd R. W Staehle) NACE Houston Texas (1976) ... 

Speidel, M. O., Corrosion fatigue in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys , Proc. Int. Conf. on Stress Corrosion and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron Base Alloys , Unieux-Firminy. France, 12-16 June 1973. NACE-5, pp. 1071-91 (1976)... 

Preece, C. M., Proc. Ini. Conf. on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrillle-menl of iron Base Alloys, Unieux-Firminy, France, June 12-16 1973, NACE, Houston, 625 (1977)... 

A benchmark for hardness is diamond, the hardest known substance. Its nominal hardness is 100 GPa (VHN = 10,000kg/mm2),but methods are known that may make it still harder. Based on this benchmark, materials with hardnesses between 20 and 40 GPa are said to be very hard , while a material with hardness greater than 40 GPa is said to be super-hard . The latter are very rare, and there is no true competitor for diamond. However, some property combinations make particular materials more useful than diamond in some applications. For example, cubic-BN is better for cutting iron-based alloys because it reacts chemically with Fe much less strongly than does the carbon of diamond. Therefore, its wear-rate is substantially less. 

Most of the first-row transition metals and several in the second and third groups have important uses. For example, iron is the basis of the enormous range of ferrous alloys in which other first-row metals are often combined. The metallurgy of iron-based alloys is a vast and complex field. Among the many... 

Iron-base alloys, for contact with steam, 23 242... 

Sato, 1976] N. Sato, Passivity and Its Breakdown on Iron and Iron Base Alloys, (Edited by R. W. Staehle and H. Okada), p. 1, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, (1976). 

Researchers have tried to fabricate plates using many different metals— mainly, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, copper alloys, intermetallic alloys, and metal-based composites such as carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum alloys, carbon fiber reinforced copper alloys, etc. [26]. Although Ta, Hf, Nb, Zr, and Ti metals show good corrosion resistance and chemical stability [6], the cost of fhese metals is too high for them to be used as materials in metal plates. That is why relatively cheaper iron-based alloys, particularly stainless steel, have been popularly studied as plate material. In the following secfions, we will infroduce sfainless sfeel (SS) and SS plates, which have been extensively investigated and show promise for the final applications [6,11]. 

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF COLD WORKED IRON BASED ALLOYS AFTER NITRIDING... 

---