Ionization stochastic

In Sect. 4.9.1, experimental rationalization was provided for the W value of ionization in gaseous and liquid water, giving respectively 30.0 and 20.8 eV. The corresponding ionization potentials are respectively 12.6 and 8.3 eV. For the purpose of diffusion and stochastic kinetics, one often requires the statistical distribution P(i,j) of the number of ionizations i and excitations j, conditioned on i ionizations, for a spur of energy . Pimblott and Mozumder (1991) write P(i, j) = r(i) 2(j i), where F(i) is the probability of having i ionizations and 2(j i) is the probability of having j excitations conditioned on i ionizations. These probabilities are separately normalized to unity. 

Mechanisms by which ionizing radiation induces leukemia are of fundamental importance. Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is referred as one of stochastic late radiation effects and a stage for leukemia development. CD34-h cell counts were elevated both in BM and PB and significantly higher than in non-exposed. Blasts were identified as... 

UNSCEAR. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. 1993 Report to the General Assembly. Annex F Influence of dose and dose rate on stochastic effects of radiation, 1993. 

Thus, the area of delocalization may contain up to several dozens of medium-size molecules, and though later on the energy is localized on one of them, this localization is stochastic, and thus, the coordinates of the points of ionization or excitation cannot be determined more precisely than to within Ax. 

Thus, part of the energy transferred to a molecular medium by a charged particle is certainly delocalized. And though later this energy is localized on one of the molecules, this localization is stochastic, and thus the coordinates of the points of ionization and excitation cannot be determined more precisely than to within the magnitude of bpl or Ax we have presented previously. This circumstance is important, first of all, when one simulates tracks of charged particles using the Monte Carlo method, where the track is presented as a set of points where the interaction took place.302 303 Even if the plasmon states are not formed in the system, the... 

Studying the electron tracks with the Monte Carlo method, the authors of Refs. 302 and 303 have used the so-called stochastic approach, within which one fixes a simultaneous picture of the spatial distribution of excitation and ionization events. The tracks found this way are sets of spatial points where the inelastic scattering events took place. With this at hand it proves to be possible to calculate the energy absorption spectrum in sensitive volumes of the irradiated medium303 and to calculate the shape of the line and the slope of electronic spin echo signals.302 Such a... 

Jensen, R.V. (1982). Stochastic ionization of surface-state electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1365-1368. 

Meerson, B.I., Oks, E.A. and Sasarov, P.V. (1979). Stochastic instability of an oscillator and the ionization of highly-excited atoms under the action of electromagnetic radiation, JETP Lett. 29, 72-75. 

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