Ionic liquid templating

Synthesis of ionic liquid templated zeolite like structures... 

C. J. Adams, A. E. Bradley, K. R. Seddon, The synthesis of mesoporous materials using novel ionic liquid templates in water, 2001, Aust. J. Chem., 54,679-681. 

Li, X., Gao, Y., Yu, L., and Zheng, L. (2010) Template-free synthesis of CdS hollow nanospheres based on an ionic liquid assisted hydrothermal process and their application in photocatalysis. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 183 (6), 1423-1432. 

Taghvaei, V., Habibi-Yangjeh, A., and Behboudnia, M. (2010) Hydrothermal and template-free preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline ZnS in presence of a low-cost ionic liquid and photocatalytic activity. Physica E, 42 (7), 1973-1978. 

More recently, ionic liquids have also been used as additives. Lee and coworkers explain that ionic liquids may ad as a template during the sol-gel process redudng the shrinkage of the matrix by pore filling and behave as a stabilizer to proted Candida rugosa lipases [184]. 

Ionic Liquids used as Templates for the Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles... 

Fig. 4 Resonant frequency changes with time due to repetitive FIA melamine injections, for the MIP-QCM chemosensor. Melamine concentration is indicated with number at each curve. Inset shows FIA calibration plots for (1) melamine and its interfering compounds, such as (2) ammeline, (3) cyanuric acid, and (4) cyromazine. Volume of the injected sample solution was 100 pL. The flow rate of the 1 mM FIC1 carrier solution was 35 pL min-1. The MIP film was prepared by electropolymerization of 0.3 mM bis(2,2 -bithienyl)-benzo-[18-crown-6]methane functional monomer and 0.3 mM 3,3 -bis[2,2 -bis(2,2 -bithiophene-5-yl)]thianaphthene cross-linking monomer, in the presence of 0.1 mM melamine, in the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(pentafluor-oethy 1)-trifluorophosphate ionic liquid ACN (1 1 v/v) solution, which was 0.9 mM in trifluoroacetic acid (pH = 3.0). The melamine template was extracted from the MIP film with 0.01 M NaOH before the determinations (adapted from [134])...

In this chapter we discuss preparative routes for inorganic materials in three basic types of systems involving the presence of a distinct solid-liquid interface those in which the liquid and solid phases are of the same chemical identity (solidification and vitrification processes), those in which the liquid and solid phases are not of the same chemical identity (crystallization, precipitation), and the special case in which the liquid phase is a pure ionic liquid or molten salt. Ionic liquids can serve as the solvent as well as a templating agent, and the liquid components may or may not become incorporated into the final solid product. We also discuss two areas where the distinct solid-liquid interface becomes somewhat blurred namely, sol-gel and solvothermal processes. 

E.R. Cooper, C.D. Andrews, P.S. Wheatley, P.B. Webb, P. Wormald, and R.E. Morris, Ionic Liquids and Eutectic Muctuses as Solvent and Template in Synthesis of zeolite Analogues. Nature (London), 2004, 430, 1012—1016. 

The use of ionic liquids and eutectic mixtures as solvent and template may open up many new possibilities in the preparation of porous materials. 

Other templates include triphenylene-based charge-transfer (CT) complexes, inorganic tubules, ionic liquids, and so on.[192]... 

Soft templates, usually molecules and molecular associations such as amines, thermolabile organic polymers, and surfactants, can be removed by heat treatment. In addition, vesicles, ionic liquids, self-assembled colloidal crystals, and air bubbles have been used for soft templating synthesis. 

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