Ionic conductivity polyanions

To investigate flie effect of the flexible spacer on the physical properties of the polyanion-type ILs, we synthesized polyanion-type ILs having a hydrocarbon or an EO spacer. Figure 31.10 shows the structure of the IL monomers having a flexible spacer between polymerizable group and anion. The effect of the HC spacer on the ionic conductivity of the poly anion-type ILs was analyzed. Figure 31.11 shows the Arrhenius plots of the ionic conductivity for EImVS. ElmCSS. and their... 

Positive deviations of molar conductivity from the values calculated for the ideal system correspond to the interaction of ionic and associated components of the system. Dissolution of KF in TaF5 and the solution generated as a result, cause the dissociation of the (TaF5)n polyanionic structure in to separate groups, leading to the ionization of the system, which undoubtedly leads in turn to an increase in its conductivity. 

In 2000, experiments were conducted that defined the stoichiometry and association of cations with polyanion units undergoing reduction in solution. Grigoriev et al. prepared a series of nine 1 1 association complexes between alkali-metal cations (M = Li+, Na+, or K+) and three representative vanadium(Y)-substituted a-Keggin heteropolytungstates, a-X"1 VW, 04(,<9 n> (X = PV, SiIV, and Al111) (Equation (9) y = 1). The medium used was acetate-buffered 2 3 (v/v) H20/Bu 0H at 60 °C which facilitated control of pH, temperature, and ionic strength.92 Three lines of evidence are consistent with the formation of 1 1 ion pairs, Equation (9). First, the potentials of the POMs... 

Besides polyanions such as SPS, anionic surfactants were able to provide the negative charges needed to template the formation of electrically conductive PANI. Indeed, micelles of sodium dodecylbenzensulfonate (SDBS) were used successfully as templates to induce the formation of linear and electrically conductive PANI [38]. On the other hand, cationic and non-ionic surfactants did not provide the negative charges and low pH environment needed for the synthesis of conducting PANI, as expected. Using a similar approach, dodecyl dipheny-loxide disulfonate (DODD) was used as a bifunctional template for the enzymatic synthesis of PANI [39]. UV-Vis and electrical conductivity studies showed that the electrically-conducting form of PANI was only obtained above the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of DODD. The bifunctional nature of the DODD provided... 

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