Ionic bond The attraction between oppositely

Ionic bond the attraction between oppositely charged ions. 

Ionic bond The attraction between positive and negative ions Ionic compounds Compounds composed of positive and negative ions Formula unit In ionic compounds, the simplest ratio of oppositively charged ions that gives an electrically neutral unit... 

The attraction between oppositely charged ions results in an ionic bond, such as the one that holds NaCl together. The oppositely charged ions Na+ and CP, attract each other in such an ordered manner that a crystal results (fig. 3). 

Ionic bonds are very strong bonds that are formed between a cation and an anion. The ionic bond is formed when a metal loses or transfers an electron (or electrons) to a nonmetal so that the metal and nonmetal form ions that have a full outermost principal energy level. The cations and anions thus formed then attract each other s opposite charges. The attraction between oppositely charged particles is called an electrostatic force. 

Fundamentally, a chemical bond involves either the sharing of two electrons or the transfer of one or more electrons to form ions. Two atoms of nonmetals tend to share pairs of electrons in what is called a covalent bond. By sharing electrons, the atoms remain more or less electrically neutral. However, when an atom of a metal approaches an atom of a nonmetal, the more likely event is the transfer of one or more electrons from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom. The metal atom becomes a positively charged ion and the nonmetal atom becomes a negatively charged ion. The attraction between opposite charges provides the force that holds the atoms together in what is called an ionic bond. Many chemical bonds are also intermediate in nature between covalent and ionic bonds and have characteristics of both types of bonds. 

These final states of the sodium and chlorine atoms are known as ions. The sodium atom becomes a positive ion Na+, and the chlorine atom becomes a negative ion CP. The attraction between oppositely charged species would constitute a bond and in this case the bond is said to be ionic or electrovalenu Since the sodium atom, in forming a bond lost one electron, and the chlorine atom gained one electron, both these atoms are said to have a valency of one for sodium, it is equal to the number of electrons in its outermost orbit. For the chlorine atom, the valency can be seen to be equal to eight minus the number of electrons in its outer orbit. 

We ve seen that when sodium reacts with chlorine, each atom becomes an ion. Sodium chloride, like all ionic substances, is held together by the attraction existing between positive and negative charges. An ionic bond is the attraction between oppositely charged ions. 

Atoms combine with one another to give compounds having properties different from the atoms they contain The attractive force between atoms m a compound is a chemical bond One type of chemical bond called an ionic bond, is the force of attraction between oppositely charged species (ions) (Figure 1 4) Ions that are positively charged are referred to as cations, those that are negatively charged are anions... 

FIGURE 1.4 An ionic bond is the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. Each Na ion (yellow) in the crystal lattice of solid NaCI is involved in ionic bonding to each of six surrounding Cl ions (green) and vice versa. 

The word bonding applies to any situation in which two or more atoms are held together in such close proximity that they form a characteristic species which has distinct properties and which can be represented by a chemical formula. In compounds consisting of ions, bonding results from the attractions between the oppositely charged ions. In such compounds in the solid state, each ion is surrounded on all sides by ions of the opposite charge. (For example, see Fig. 5-1.) In a solid ionic compound, it is incorrect to speak of a bond between specific pairs of ions. 

Ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions (+ and -), which are formed as a result of electron transfer between atoms. 

The energy required for the formation of ionic bonds is supplied largely by the coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions the ionic model is a good description of bonding between nonmetals and metals, particularly metals from the s block. 

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