Ion Exchange and Adsorption Properties

General. The abyssal red clays were, in part, originally selected for study because previous investigations of their sorption properties had been encouraging (6,7), and because generally the types of minerals occurring in the sediment exhibit very favorable ion-exchange and adsorption properties. In... 

It will be noted that the M291 kit involves a solid (resin) decontamination medium. This is attractive for military use in that the kit provides adsorptive and reactive decontamination, is light in weight and thus easily portable. The resin is a styrene/divinyl copolymer and provides a complex combination of ion-exchange and adsorptive properties. The resin system was found to be less irritating to the skin than the earlier M258A1 water-based system. Preparations based on chloramine and on an N-chloro-oxidant ( Fichlor , sodium... 

A considerable amount of interest has been shown in the ion exchange and adsorption properties of algin and kelp, especially by Mongar and Wasserman (9, 53, 136, 137, lUO, 1J 2, 157,162-164, 237, 281, 282), Fully swollen calcium alginate fibers undergo cation exchange reactions with sodium ions accompanied by axial contraction of the fibers and increase in the cross-sectional diameter (108, 141 f 165),... 

Thermal stability of ion exchange and adsorption properties of titania gels prepared from titanous chloride and hydrogen peroxide... 

A comprehensive discussion on various properties of zeolites viz., physical, chemical, ion exchange and adsorption properties, mineralogical and morphological characteristics, thermal characteristics, characteristics of zeolites in acidic medium, crystal structure, framework of zeolitic crystals and surface properties is presented in the following. 

Chemical relaxation methods can be used to determine mechanisms of reactions of ions at the mineral/water interface. In this paper, a review of chemical relaxation studies of adsorption/desorption kinetics of inorganic ions at the metal oxide/aqueous interface is presented. Plausible mechanisms based on the triple layer surface complexation model are discussed. Relaxation kinetic studies of the intercalation/ deintercalation of organic and inorganic ions in layered, cage-structured, and channel-structured minerals are also reviewed. In the intercalation studies, plausible mechanisms based on ion-exchange and adsorption/desorption reactions are presented steric and chemical properties of the solute and interlayered compounds are shown to influence the reaction rates. We also discuss the elementary reaction steps which are important in the stereoselective and reactive properties of interlayered compounds. 

A new class of nano-sized large porous titanium silicate (ETAS-10 ) and aluminum-substituted ETAS-10 with different Al203/ri02 ratio were successfully synthesized and applied to remove heavy metals in particular Pb and Cd (see Table 7). Since tetravalent Ti is coordinated by octahedral structure, it creates two negative charges that must be normally balanced by two monovalent cations. This leads to a great interest in ion exchange or adsorption property of this material [391],... 

Zeolites are fundamentally differentiated as being either natural or synthetic. Further classification is based on those specific properties that dictate commercial snitability for the general applications of catalysis, molecular sieving, ion exchange, and adsorption. 

When developing a liquid phase adsorptive separation process, a laboratory pulse test is typically used as a tool to search for a suitable adsorbent and desorbent combination for a particular separation. The properties of the suitable adsorbent, such as type of zeolite, exchange cation and adsorbent water content, are a critical part of the study. The desorbent, temperature and liquid flow circulation are also critical parameters that can be obtained from the pulse test. The pulse test is not only a critical tool for developing the equilibrium-selective adsorption process it is also an essential tool for other separation process developments such as rate-selective adsorption, shape-selective adsorption, ion exchange and reactive adsorption. 

Streat M, Malik DJ, Saha B (2004) Adsorption and ion-exchange properties of engineered activated carbons and carbonaceous materials. In SenGupta AK, Marcus Y, Marinsky JA (eds) Ion exchange and solvent extraction, chap 1. Dekker, New York... 

In ion-exchange chromatography, adsorption and desorption processes are determined by the properties of the three interacting entities ... 

Special reference should be made for the last section of Chapter 3 Particle analysis. Everything in connection with particle properties and basic calculations, irrespective of its specific use, is presented from particle surface area to calculations regarding its terminal velocity and diffusion coefficients. Furthermore, concerning materials used in adsorption, ion exchange, and catalysis, special paragraphs are included in Chapters 4 and 5 as well as the management of spent materials. 

For this purpose, the removal procedures are mainly based on membrane separation that ideally should bring free and bound toxins to a nonspedfic adsorption device (ion-exchangers and/or activated charcoal). Blood should not perfuse directly such components, due to bioincompatibity aspeds. Therefore, several processes have been proposed to correctly handle toxins carried by plasma [27]. They are described in the following sections. All of them need a physical barrier between the blood cells and the adsorption system. This physical sieve is always a membrane with adequate properties, through which toxins can be transferred by diffusion or convection. 

Qince the natural zeolites were discovered and introduced as adsorbents, numerous investigations have been devoted to the sorption behavior and ion exchange properties of zeolites 1, 2, 5, 14). Sorption behavior of zeolites can be influenced powerfully by ion exchange, partly in the uptake capacity of the zeolites and partly in sorption rate since these may undergo decisive changes. The present study undertakes, on the basis of kinetic research in ion exchange and in alkane adsorption on type A zeolites after partial ion exchange, to show what influence is exerted by cation distribution on sorption by type A zeolites. 

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