Ion equilibrium

Those which maintain certain conditions but do not take part in electrode reactions examples are electrolytes added to improve conductivity, pH buffer systems and ions which maintain complex ion equilibria. 

Click Coached Problems for a self-study module on solubility of metal ions and complex ion equilibria. 

Matthew, JB Hanania, GIH Gurd, ERN, Electrostatic Effects in Hemoglobin Hydrogen Ion Equilibria in Human Deoxy- and Oxyhemoglobin A, Biochemistry 18, 1919, 1979. 

Shire, SJ Hanania, GIH Gurd, FRN, Electrostatic Effects in Myoglobin. Hydrogen Ion Equilibria in Sperm Whale Ferrimyoglobin, Biochemistry 13, 2967, 1974. 

Waldmann-Meyer, HK, Protein Ion Equilibria, Total Evaluation of Binding Parameters and Net Charge from the Electrophoretic Mobility as a Function of Ligand Concentration. In Recent Developments in Chromatography and Electrophoresis Frigerio, A McCamish, M, eds. Elsevier Scientific Amsterdam, 1980 Vol. 10, p 125. 

Kebarle, P. (1977). Ion thermochemistry and solvation from gas phase ion equilibria. Annual Reviews in Physical Chemistry, 28, 445-76. 

The thermochemical determinations involving ions obtained via ES, described in this work, provide an illustration of opportunities presented by the ES method. However, these are only the beginning of what we believe should become an important area in gas-phase ion chemistry. The ion equilibria measurements, so far performed in our laboratory, were restricted by the limited upper temperature (T < 500 K). This restriction was due to the cryopumping used and could be easily overcome and the temperature extended upwards by -200 K by using conventional pumping. 

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