Ion-beam surface modification

Applying ion beams, surface-sensitive analysis and modification in atomic and electronic structures of inorganic materials have been developed. Ion beam modification of titanium dioxide (Ti02), carbon-based materials, and the analysis of Nb/Cu multilayers and VO2 using ion beam are described as follows. 

Polymer films change their properties during ion implantation [25-29]. Carbonization mentioned above is one of the ion beam induced modification techniques for polymer surfaces. 

As mentioned in Section 5.3.2.3, depth resolution may also be affected by primary ion beam-induced modification of the substrate chemistry. This is typically noted for reactive primary ion beams. As an example, 02 primary ion beams can oxidize the outer surface of certain materials. This can then facilitate the movement of the elements of interest within the solid, i.e. induce segregation to/from the surface. This effect is referred to as oxidation-induced segregation. Radiation-induced segregation discussed in Section 3.2.3.1 may also occur. Concomitant secondary ion yield variations resulting from these surface chemical modifications will further complicate matters. 

Electron beam-initiated modification of polymers is a relatively new technique with certain advantages over conventional processes. Absence of catalyst residue, complete control of the temperature, a solvent-free system, and a source of an enormous amount of radicals and ions are some of the reasons why this technique has gained commercial importance in recent years. The modification of polyethylene (PE) for heat-shrinkable products using this technique has been recently reported [30,31]. Such modification is expected to alter the surface properties of PE and lead to improved adhesion and dyeability. 

Disordering on surfaces Layers on materials Vapour deposition, laser surface melting, ion beam modification... 

In addition to C onions, C atoms condense into various kinds of chemically bonded forms, and they are known to have excellent physical properties depending on the bonding nature. This means that research and applications not only in the materials science but also in other scientific fields are expected. At JAERI, the optimum growth conditions have been successfully obtained for the preparation of high-quality Cgo, diamondlike carbon, and nanocrystalline diamond by means of ion-beam-assisted deposition [80-82]. The susceptibility of Ni/Cgo thin films to thermal treatment, the formation of nanocrystalline diamond and nanotubes due to codeposition of Co and Ceo, and the surface modification of glassy... 

T. Miyano and H. Kitamura, Proceedings 8th International Conference on Surface Modification of Metals by Ion Beams, Sept. 1993, Kanazawa, Japan. 

In this paper some applications of static SIMS to a variety of modified polymer surfaces are described. They include plasma treatments in reactive and inert gases, corona treatment in air, as well as thermal and ion beam modifications of polymer-metal interfaces. The examples presented and discussed here primarily serve to illustrate the capabilities of static SIMS for the study of such surfaces and interfaces. More detailed discussions of the actual chemical processes that proceed in several of the systems cited will be published elsewhere. 

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