Iodine consumption

Photography. Photography (qv) represents one of the oldest industrial uses of iodide. The sensitive silver salt in rapid negative emulsions contains up to 7% or mote silver iodide [7783-96-2], Agl. Erom 1969 to 1985 estimates on iodine consumption for this purpose varied from 150 to 270 t/yr (66). Ttiphenylphosphonium iodide is also among the iodine derivatives used in photography. This derivative permits faster development and higher contrast photography. 

This somewhat erratic iodine consumption has led both the Federal Register and the British Pharmacopeia to require the use of a working standard for this titration. 

Animal foodstuffs supply two-thirds and more of the iodine, selenium, and zinc intakes (Table 4.14). Beverages contribute a relatively high share (10%) to iodine consumption, but only 5% to selenium and zinc intakes. The majority of the heavy metals (iron, nickel, molybdenum, copper, manganese) is provided by vegetable foodstuffs, and partly by beverages. Approxi-... 

P-O-P-acid and that the quantity of P-P-acid in the products is negligibly small, the iodine consumptions in the titrations (1), 2), and... 

Therefore, from the difference between the iodine consumptions in the titrations 2) and 3) of the above example, one can calculate the... 

A small portion of the filtrate is checked for iodine consumption in a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. In case of a positive result, sufficient iodine is added to the main portion of the filtrate to give an iodine color which persists for 30 min. The excess of iodine is quantitatively reduced with hydrazine and the solution is adjusted to pH 8.5. Two volumes of ethyl alcohol are added to each volume of solution to... 

Iodine Mineral Water and its Therapeutic Use in Health Resorts Iodine Consumption from Natural Mineral Waters and its Effect on the Body... 

However, our study, carried out in Delhi after salt iodization, seems to suggest that iodine intake may lead to an alteration in the response of Graves disease to treatment with antithyroid medication. In 1988, 50% of the patients with Graves disease in Delhi became euthyroid after 3 weeks of carbimazole treatment (Jones et al., 1988). This smdy was carried out one year before the ban on the sale of edible noniodized salt in Delhi was introduced. In 1999, 10 years after there was universal salt iodization in Delhi, only 15% of patients with Graves disease studied in the same hospital were euthyroid after 3 weeks of treatment with the same dose of carbimazole (Ahluwalia et al., 2001). When treated with 30 mg/day of carbimazole, 15.4% had normalized serum T3 levels and 26.9% had normalized serum T4 levels after 3 weeks of treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, 38.5 and 53.8% of the patients with Graves disease had normalized serum T3 and T4 levels, respectively. This seems to suggest that the response of Graves disease to carbimazole has become poorer with the increase in iodine consumption. 

There has been a substantial increase in iodine consumption by the population after the salt iodization program in India. 

Table 90.1 Selected observations of the increased incidence of hyperthyroidism after higher iodine consumption at a population level...

Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in apparently normal thyroid glands has been reported in two patients after exposure to 2—10 mg iodine daily for 2—12 months before thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed. Although the pathogenesis of this kind of IIH remains obscure, the positive family history for thyroid disease in both patients may indicate a latent abnormality of their thyroid glands (Skare and Frey, 1980). Moreover, 10 further cases of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in apparently normal thyroid glands have been reported (Savoie et al, 1975). In contrast, a more-than-adequate or excessive iodine intake may lead to hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis, as shown in China in areas with more than adequate and excessive iodine consumption (Teng et al., 2006). 

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