Invertebrates, extraction techniques

Additional myotropic/inhibitory neuropeptide structures will be characterized on the basis of immunological similarity to vertebrate and invertebrate peptide structures, and also with the techniques of molecular biology. Two initial successes with those methods are discussed in this report (17,25). In addition, antibodies raised against FMRFamide were used to isolate and structurally characterize a nonapeptide containing C-terminal FMRFamide from head extracts of Drosophila (26). Subsequently, the gene that codes for this nonapeptide and eight other FMRFamide-related structures was isolated and sequenced (27,28). 

Boron can be extracted from natural or synthetic calcium carbonate (or other geologic materials) before analysis by mass spectrometry. The extraction method depends on the analytical technique to be used. For any method, natural samples (typically foraminifera, a single-celled marine invertebrate whose shells accumulate in ocean sediments) must be cleaned of organic matter. This is... 

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