Inversely proportional quantities

The processes using physical absorption require a solvent circulation proportional to the quantity of process gas, inversely proportional to the pressure, and nearly independent of the carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, high pressures could favor the use of these processes. The Recitsol process requires a refrigeration system and more equipment than the other processes. This process is primarily used in coal gasification for simultaneous removal of H2S, COS, and CO2. 

The bending-extension coupling stiffnesses, By, are zero for an odd number of layers, but can be large for an even number of layers. The values of B e/(tAii) are shown as a function of lamination angle in Figure 4-30. Because B e is inversely proportional to N, the largest value of B e occurs when N = 2. The quantity plotted can be shown to be... 

The weight of the ith observation is inversely proportional to the variance of the observation we will use Eq. (2-82) for this quantity, n being the number of observations. 

Relation of gas volume (V) to pressure ) at constant temperature (T). The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure. In this case, the volume decreases from 6 L to 1 L when the pressure increases from 1 atm to 6 atm. 

The quantity Jc3, like k2 and k2, is a constant This is the equation of an inverse proportionality. The fact that volume is inversely proportional to pressure was first established in 1660 by Robert Boyle (1627-1691), an Irish experimental scientist The equation above is one form of Boyle s law. 

In most water solutions, the concentrations of H+ and OH- are not equal. The equation [H+] X [OH-] = 1.0 X 10-14 indicates that these two quantities are inversely proportional to one another (Figure 13.1). When [H+] is very high, [OH-] is very low, and vice versa. 

Once 1 has been determined, the values of the other two parameters are more readily deduced by plotting the quantity (1/Tm — l/Jm)/vi against vi. Or, considering %i to he inversely proportional to the temperature and recalling Eq. (XII-21 ), we may plot this quantity against vi/Tm Results for cellulose tributyrate in three diluents are treated in this manner in Fig. 132. According to Eq. (29), the intercepts should equal (i2/AJT ) (Vw/vi), and the energy of interaction B = xiR T/vi... 

Ohm s law states that a direct current carried between two points of a conductor varies in direct proportion to the voltage difference between the two points and is inversely proportional to the resistance offered to the conduction of the current by the conductor between the two points taken as a reference. Using the symbols I, V, and R to represent the quantities in the order given, Ohm s law can be written as ... 

P is a diagonal matrix with the weights of the observations. (The values P. are inversely proportional to the experimental errors of the quantities yobs r) With the initial approximation kA the improvements of the potential constants 5 k - have to be determined from the following set of derivatives ... 

Similarly, the efficiency of titanium tetrachloride as a terminator for the chain reaction should be related to the base strength of the complex anion TiCl4OH in the case of Friedel-Crafts catalysts in general, the terminator efficiency should be related to the base strength of the anion MXnOH- Since this quantity is inversely proportional to the acid... 

RIAs are highly sensitive and quantitative, capable of detecting small amounts of Ag or Ab. As a result, they are often used to measure the quantities of hormones or drugs present in a patient s serum. In this case, RIAs are performed in a manner similar to the competitive ELISA. The presence of the hormone in the serum sample inhibits binding of the radiolabeled hormone. Thus, the amount of radioactivity present in the test is inversely proportional to the amount of hormone in the serum sample. A standard curve using increasing amounts of known concentrations of the hormone is used to determine the quantity in the sample. 

This formula generalizes the conclusion reached in Tables 1.2 and 1.3. It shows clearly that for a fixed amount of material, the surface area is inversely proportional to the radius for uniform, spherical particles. At the same time, the formula reminds us that some lower limit for Rs must be imposed since the relationship is undefined for Rs = 0. If SI units were used consistently, Asp would be expressed in m2 kg-1 however, m2 g 1 are the most commonly used units for this quantity. In the event of nonuniform or nonspherical particles, alternate expressions for Equation (2) have to be used. The following example considers the case of cylindrical particles. 

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