Invasive chips

Duggan, M.P., McCreedy, T., Aylott, J.W., A non-invasive analysis method for on-chip spectrophotometric detection using liquid-core waveguiding within a 3D architecture. Analyst 2003, 128, 1336-1340. 

In contrast to forecasts of 10 years ago, biosensors with biochemical reagents fixed to a solid-state chip placed on an intravasal catheter have acquired no clinical significance so far. One reason in addition to the lack of availability is the trend towards less invasive methods. This opinion is based on the increased clinical use of more precise sensors to monitor gas exchange and metabolism. The future availability of faster and more precise mainstream sensors and the extended processing of smart systems will offer new non-invasive global parameters. This will include non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output by means of saturation and oxygen consumption, or arteriovenous shunts. 

Zhang Q, Liu T, Qin J (2012) A microfluidic-based device for study of transendothelial invasion of tumor aggregates in real time. Lab Chip 12(16) 2837-2842... 

Microfluidic Platform for Human Diseases, Fig. 2 The platform to study intravasation and extravasation. (a) Chip design with intravasation chamber and extravasation chambers, separated from each other by valves, (b-d) Time-lapsed invasion analysis of colon cells. LOVO are the metastatic cells and SW480 are the... 

Diagnostic chip probing the stratum comeum of the skin Si interface layer (in between the skin and MEMS) is micromachined and electrochemically etched to produce pSi Minimally invasive sampling from the skin Bhansali et al. 2002... 

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