Inulin hydrolysis, enzymic

Derivation Hydrolysis of inulin hydrolysis of beet sugar followed by lime separation, from cornstarch by enzymic or microbial action. 

Ricca E, Calabro V, Curcio S, lorio G (2009b), Optimization of inulin hydrolysis by inuhnase accounting for enzyme time- and temf)erature-dependent deactivation , Biochem. Eng. J., 48(1), 81-86. 

Glucose syrups have been used in the food industry for a long time. Fructose is significantly sweeter than glucose. No effective chemical isomerisation methods are possible, and other sources of fructose, for instance by the hydrolysis of inulin, are not yet performed on large scale. Therefore an enzyme isomerisation technology has been developed (Jensen and Rugh, 1987 White, 1992 Pedersen, 1993). 

Zittan, L., Enzymic hydrolysis of inulin an alternative way to fructose production, Starch/Starke, 33, 373-377, 1981. 

Inulin.— Inulin is found in certain plants, especially in the tubers of the Dahlia. It is isomeric with the other poly-saccharoses and is also a reserve food material. It is a white powder soluble in water. It is leva rotatory and gives no color with iodine. It is not hydrolyzed by diastase but by a particular enzyme known as inulase. Its peculiar characteristic is that by acid hydrolysis it yields only fructose. 

Partly purified /3-D-fructofuranosidase of a strain of Kluyveromyces Saccharomyces) fragilis hydrolyzes sucrose and raffinose with a pH optimum of 4.2, but of 5.2 for inulin.704 Furthermore, the hydrolysis of sucrose was found to be competitively inhibited by raffinose, but not by inulin, so two enzymes may be responsible for the /3-D-fruc-tofuranosidase activity of this yeast. 

Sucrose is the sole source for synthesis of D-fructan in artichoke tubers.206 Thus, the level of this disaccharide can play an important role in the regulation of enzyme activities.202,203,207 Sucrose strongly inhibits the enzymic hydrolysis of inulin by D-fructan hydrolases, as... 

As a last example of an ultrasound application to catalytic reactions using solid catalysts, we refer to unpublished results. The hydrolysis of inuline (Eq. 12) is catalyzed by acid substances, i.e., inorganic or organic acids in aqueous solution, or acid solids or enzymes. The products of acid hydrolysis are fructose and glucose. Because of the use of the reaction in the food industry, an acid catalyst should not pollute the products at the end of the process. Therefore, solid acids, much more easily separable from the reaction products than liquid acids, must be preferred. In the present work, the employed catalyst was Amberlite IR-120-H (Carlo Erba), that is to say, a solid catalyst with a particle size from 15 to 45 mesh. The reaction was studied in a batch and in a continuous sonicated reactor. 

Prebiotics are obtained either by extraction from the plants, such as inulin from chicory roots by enzymatic hydrolysis of plant polysaccharides, such as XOS or by transgalactosylation reactions catalyzed by an enzyme, such as GOS and FOS. 

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