Introduction to biomolecules

Understanding Bioanalytical Chemistry Principles and applications Victor A. Gault and Neville H. McClenaghan 2009 John Wiley Sons, Ltd 

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Focuses on force field calculations for understanding the dynamic properties of proteins and nucleic acids. Provides a useful introduction to several computational techniques, including molecular mechanics minimization and molecular dynamics. Includes discussions of research involving structural changes and short time scale dynamics of these biomolecules, and the influence of solvent in these processes. 

As indicated in the introduction, it is possible to carry out PAC experiments under physiological conditions, and even in vivo experiments are possible. One example of the latter is the study of the fast inhibition of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis in cyanobacteria is inhibited within about 15 min after exposure to Cd(II). Exposing the cyanobacteria to " "Cd it was possible to follow the fate of Cd(II) in terms of binding to biomolecules, as the biological... 

Boyd, R.K., Tandem mass spectrometry quadropole and hybrid instruments, Metftodi nzymo/. 193, 154-200, 1990 Jonscher, K.R. and Yates, J.R., 111, The quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry — a small solution to a big challenge. Anal. Biochem. 244, 1-15, 1997 Chemushevich, I.V., Loboda, A.V., and Thomson, B.A., An introduction to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom. 36, 849-865, 2001 Ens, W. and Standing, K.G., Hybrid quadrapole/time-of-flight mass spectrometers for analysis of biomolecules. Methods Enzymol. 402,49-78, 2005 Payne, A.H. and GUsh, G.L., Tandem mass spectrometry in quadrupole ion trap and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. Methods Enzymol. 402, 109-148, 2005. 

The early chapters in this book deal with chemical reactions. Stoichiometry is covered in Chapters 3 and 4, with special emphasis on reactions in aqueous solutions. The properties of gases are treated in Chapter 5, followed by coverage of gas phase equilibria in Chapter 6. Acid-base equilibria are covered in Chapter 7, and Chapter 8 deals with additional aqueous equilibria. Thermodynamics is covered in two chapters Chapter 9 deals with thermochemistry and the first law of thermodynamics Chapter 10 treats the topics associated with the second law of thermodynamics. The discussion of electrochemistry follows in Chapter 11. Atomic theory and quantum mechanics are covered in Chapter 12, followed by two chapters on chemical bonding and modern spectroscopy (Chapters 13 and 14). Chemical kinetics is discussed in Chapter 15, followed by coverage of solids and liquids in Chapter 16, and the physical properties of solutions in Chapter 17. A systematic treatment of the descriptive chemistry of the representative elements is given in Chapters 18 and 19, and of the transition metals in Chapter 20. Chapter 21 covers topics in nuclear chemistry and Chapter 22 provides an introduction to organic chemistry and to the most important biomolecules. 

The combustion of alkanes, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and global warming (Section 4.14B) An introduction to lipids, biomolecules whose properties can be explained by understanding alkane chemistry cholesterol in the cell membrane (Section 4.15)... 

The book consists of several parts. The first is a short introduction to the guiding principles and building blocks of chemical evolution. It contains a chapter on the important aspects of chirality or handedness of biomolecules. The second part is an attempt to describe up-to-date most plausible hypotheses and visions of the ancient world scenarios. References and specific websites will be helpful for those who wish to know more on specific topics. 

An excellent, comprehensive introduction to chemistry. Vollhardt, K.P.C. Shore, N.E. (2002) Organic Chemistry Structure and Function, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. Up-to-date discussions of stereochemistry, functional groups, reactivity, and the chemistry of the principal classes of biomolecules. 

Finally a brief introduction to chiral recognition of DNA (a chiral biomolecule) by optically pure octahedral metal complexes will be presented. 

In a very general sense, Stephenson has defined the term bioprobes as. functional molecules or devices that provide information about biological systems. The high kinetic and thermodynamic stability of many organo-metallic complexes, in addition to their electronic and spectroscopic properties, have spurred their use in numerous sensor applications. Among those are sensors which involve biomolecules, or which detect biomolecules. In this chapter, only a few selected examples are presented as an introduction to the field. Organometallic biosensors are comprehensively summarized in four chapters in a recent book on bioorganometallic chemistry. A more... 

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