Introduction and General Overview of Polyvalent Iodine Compounds

Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry Preparation, Structure and Synthetic Applications of Polyvalent Iodine Compounds, First Edition. Viktor V. Zhdankin. 2014 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 

Most of the world s production of iodine comes from the saltpeter deposits in Chile and natural brines in Japan. In Chile, calcium iodate is found in caliche deposits extracted from open pit mines in the Atacama Desert. Applying an alkaline solution to the caliche yields sodium iodate and iodine is obtained from the sodium iodate by reduction with sulfur dioxide. In Japan, iodine is a by-product of the production of natural gas, which is extracted from brine deposits a mile or two below ground. Iodine is recovered from the brines by one of the following two methods. In the blowout process elemental iodine is liberated as a result of the reaction of chlorine with sodium iodide in the brines. Elemental iodine is blown out of the brine with air and then purified in subsequent reaction steps. The second method, ion exchange, involves recovery of dissolved iodine from oxidized brines using anion-exchange resins packed in columns. In 2010, Chile produced 18 000 metric tons of iodine, compared to Japan s output of 9800 metric tons. Chile has reserves of 9 million metric tons, some 60% of the world s total reserves of iodine [10], 

Research activity in the area of polyvalent organoiodine compounds during the period between 1914 and 1970s was relatively low and represented mainly by valuable contributions from the laboratories of I. Masson, R. B. Sandin, F. M. Beringer, K. H. Pausacker, A. N. Nesmeyanov and O. Neilands. Only three significant reviews were published during this period, most notably the reviews by Sandin [17] and Banks [18] published in Chemical Reviews in 1943 and 1966, respectively and a comprehensive tabulation of the physical properties of polyvalent iodine compounds published in 1956 by Beringer [19]. 

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Introduction and General Overview of Polyvalent Iodine Compounds... 

Introduction and General Overview of Polyvalent Iodine Compounds 5 Table 1.1 Names and abbreviations of important derivatives of polyvalent iodine. 

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